Discipline of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Chemosphere. 2011 May;83(10):1297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.009. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
Chlorophenols are chlorinated aromatic compound structures and are commonly found in pesticide preparations as well as industrial wastes. They are recalcitrant to biodegradation and consequently persistent in the environment. A variety of chlorophenols derivatives compounds are highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic for living organisms. Biological transformation by microorganisms is one of the key remediation options that can be exploited to solve environmental pollution problems caused by these notorious compounds. The key enzymes in the microbial degradation of chlorophenols are the oxygenases and dioxygenases. These enzymes can be engineered for enhanced degradation of highly chlorinated aromatic compounds through directed evolution methods. This review underscores the mechanisms of chlorophenols biodegradation with the view to understanding how bioremediation processes can be optimized for cleaning up chloroaromatic contaminated environments.
氯酚是氯化芳香族化合物结构，常见于农药制剂和工业废物中。它们难以生物降解，因此在环境中持久存在。多种氯酚衍生物化合物对生物体具有高度毒性、致突变性和致癌性。微生物的生物转化是可以利用的关键修复选择之一，可用于解决这些臭名昭著的化合物造成的环境污染问题。微生物降解氯酚的关键酶是加氧酶和双加氧酶。可以通过定向进化方法对这些酶进行工程改造，以增强对高度氯化芳香族化合物的降解。本综述强调了氯酚生物降解的机制，旨在了解如何优化生物修复过程以清理氯代芳烃污染的环境。
