Ahlborg U G, Thunberg T M
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1980 Jul;7(1):1-35. doi: 10.3109/10408448009017934.
Pentachlorophenol and the lower chlorinated phenols, tetra- and trichlorophenols, have gained an increasing use as fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and precursors in the synthesis of other pesticides since the early 1930s. World-wide production totals about 200,000 tons. Production and use of chlorinated phenols have caused industrial hygiene problems but, otherwise, have not been recognized to create more than limited environmental problems. The introduction of modern analytical techniques, however, has revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of chlorophenols in the environment, and the discovery of chlorinated dimers, such as dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, as impurities in commercial chlorophenol formulations, has made a reevaluation of the chlorinated phenols necessary. The present article reviews recent studies on the toxicity and metabolism in mammals and aquatic organisms and the degradation of the chlorophenols under various conditions in the environment. Finally, the hazards of burning of chlorophenol wastes are discussed, as well as health considerations with regard to humans and the environment.
自20世纪30年代初以来，五氯苯酚以及低氯代酚（四氯苯酚和三氯苯酚）作为杀菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂以及合成其他农药的前体，其使用量不断增加。全球总产量约为20万吨。氯代酚的生产和使用引发了工业卫生问题，但除此之外，人们认为其造成的环境问题有限。然而，现代分析技术的引入揭示了氯代酚在环境中普遍存在，并且发现商业氯代酚制剂中存在二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英和二苯并呋喃等氯代二聚体杂质，这使得有必要对氯代酚进行重新评估。本文综述了近期关于氯代酚在哺乳动物和水生生物中的毒性、代谢以及在环境中各种条件下的降解的研究。最后，讨论了氯代酚废物燃烧的危害以及对人类和环境的健康考量。
