Liu Hao, Wu Deli, Wang Weishi
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Shanghai Jianke Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Biodegradation. 2025 May 19;36(3):47. doi: 10.1007/s10532-025-10133-5.
Chlorophenols (CPs) are a class of synthetic organic chemicals that are widely distributed in soil and groundwater, posing significant risks to human health and the environment due to persistence, acute toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has emerged as a promising remediation technique for CPs, but its efficacy is often hindered by surface passivation, non-target competition, and limited mobility in the subsurface. While CPs are inherently biodegradable, their high toxicity and the lack of functional enzymes in indigenous microbial systems restrict the effectiveness of bioremediation. Recently, a hybrid system integrating ZVI with microbial degradation draws increasingly research interests, paving out a new path for sustainable degradation of CPs. These systems leverage the synergistic interactions between ZVI and microorganisms to enhance CP biodegradation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancement. Key topics include the enhancement of electron transfer, alterations to microbial communities, mitigation of toxicity, and the interplay between other processes. Operation modes, ZVI dosage, and interactions with naturally occurring iron minerals, are also discussed in the context of applications in soil and groundwater remediation. Despite research efforts and successful implementations, critical knowledge gaps remain, particularly in regard to the characterization of microbial processes in natural systems, highlighting the need for future research.
氯酚（CPs）是一类合成有机化学品，广泛分布于土壤和地下水中，因其持久性、急性毒性和潜在致癌性，对人类健康和环境构成重大风险。零价铁（ZVI）已成为一种有前景的CPs修复技术，但其效果常常受到表面钝化、非目标竞争以及在地下水中迁移受限的阻碍。虽然CPs具有内在的生物降解性，但其高毒性以及原生微生物系统中功能酶的缺乏限制了生物修复的有效性。最近，一种将ZVI与微生物降解相结合的混合系统越来越受到研究关注，为CPs的可持续降解开辟了一条新途径。这些系统利用ZVI与微生物之间的协同相互作用来增强CPs的生物降解。本综述对这一进展进行了全面分析。关键主题包括电子转移的增强、微生物群落的变化、毒性的减轻以及其他过程之间的相互作用。在土壤和地下水修复应用的背景下，还讨论了运行模式、ZVI剂量以及与天然存在的铁矿物的相互作用。尽管进行了研究并取得了成功应用，但关键的知识空白仍然存在，特别是在自然系统中微生物过程的表征方面，这凸显了未来研究的必要性。
