Casa di Cura Polispecialistica Dr Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy.
Int J Cardiol. 2012 Oct 4;160(2):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.04.011. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
In recent years epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown gender disparities in several aspects of cardiovascular disease. Aim of this study was to identify gender differences in the clinical profile and management of patients admitted to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs.
Patients enrolled in the ISYDE-2008 survey were considered.
The ISYDE-2008 survey enrolled 2281 patients; 604 (26.5%) were women. Compared to men, women were older (mean age 70.8 ± 11.5 versus men's 65.6 ± 11.5 years), had less traditional risk factors (low cardiovascular risk profile in 45.3% of women and 38.0% of men, p=0.003), were more frequently admitted after valvular surgery and heart failure, but less for post-acute myocardial infarction and post-by-pass procedure. Women were more frequently admitted to an in-hospital rehabilitation program. Women showed a more complicated acute and rehabilitative course, with 63.2% of them having at least one complication during acute-phase, compared to 52.5% of men, and 48.3% during rehabilitation, compared to 35.0% of men (p<0.0001). During rehabilitation, women underwent exercise tests less frequently, except for the 6-minute walking test. At discharge, women received ACE-inhibitors/ARBs, β-blockers, statins, omega-3 fatty acids, antiplatelet agents less frequently, but more frequently digoxin, amiodarone, diuretics, oral anticoagulants, insulin and anti-depressive drugs. The duration of the rehabilitation program was longer for women. Mortality was very low in the entire population.
Women are less frequently admitted to CR than men. They are older and show a greater cardiovascular burden. Women are more likely to be enrolled in CR after valvular surgery and heart failure than men.
近年来，流行病学和临床证据表明，心血管疾病的几个方面存在性别差异。本研究旨在确定纳入心脏康复（CR）计划的患者的临床特征和管理方面的性别差异。
考虑了参加 ISYDE-2008 调查的患者。
ISYDE-2008 调查共纳入 2281 例患者；其中 604 例（26.5%）为女性。与男性相比，女性年龄更大（平均年龄 70.8±11.5 岁，而男性为 65.6±11.5 岁），传统危险因素较少（45.3%的女性和 38.0%的男性心血管风险低，p=0.003），更多地因瓣膜手术和心力衰竭入院，但较少因急性心肌梗死和旁路手术后入院。女性更常被收入住院康复计划。女性的急性期和康复期表现出更为复杂的病程，有 63.2%的女性在此期间至少有一次并发症，而男性为 52.5%，在康复期有 48.3%，而男性为 35.0%（p<0.0001）。在康复期间，女性进行运动试验的频率较低，但 6 分钟步行试验除外。出院时，女性服用 ACE 抑制剂/ARB、β受体阻滞剂、他汀类药物、ω-3 脂肪酸、抗血小板药物的频率较低，但地高辛、胺碘酮、利尿剂、口服抗凝剂、胰岛素和抗抑郁药的频率较高。女性的康复计划持续时间较长。整个人群的死亡率非常低。
女性接受 CR 的频率低于男性。她们年龄更大，心血管负担更重。与男性相比，女性更有可能因瓣膜手术和心力衰竭而被纳入 CR。
