基于 CRISPR 的适应性免疫系统。
CRISPR-based adaptive immune systems.
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2011 Jun;14(3):321-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.03.005. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are recently discovered, RNA-based immune systems that control invasions of viruses and plasmids in archaea and bacteria. Prokaryotes with CRISPR-Cas immune systems capture short invader sequences within the CRISPR loci in their genomes, and small RNAs produced from the CRISPR loci (CRISPR (cr)RNAs) guide Cas proteins to recognize and degrade (or otherwise silence) the invading nucleic acids. There are multiple variations of the pathway found among prokaryotes, each mediated by largely distinct components and mechanisms that we are only beginning to delineate. Here we will review our current understanding of the remarkable CRISPR-Cas pathways with particular attention to studies relevant to systems found in the archaea.
摘要
CRISPR-Cas 系统是最近发现的基于 RNA 的免疫系统，可控制古菌和细菌中病毒和质粒的入侵。具有 CRISPR-Cas 免疫系统的原核生物在其基因组中的 CRISPR 基因座内捕获短的入侵序列，并且来自 CRISPR 基因座的小 RNA（CRISPR (cr)RNAs）指导 Cas 蛋白识别并降解（或 otherwise silence）入侵的核酸。在原核生物中发现了多种途径的变体，每种途径都由在很大程度上不同的成分和机制介导，而我们才刚刚开始描绘这些成分和机制。在这里，我们将特别关注与古菌中发现的系统相关的研究，回顾我们对非凡的 CRISPR-Cas 途径的现有理解。
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