Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Oct;89(10):3008-15. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3658. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Zearalenone (ZEA), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is produced mainly by Fusarium fungi. Previous studies indicated that acute ZEA exposure induced oxidative stress and damage in multiple organs. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of dietary ZEA (1.1 to 3.2 mg/kg of diet) on oxidative stress and organ damage in postweaning gilts. A total of 20 gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weaned at d 21 with an average BW of 10.36 ± 1.21 kg was used in the study. Gilts were housed in a temperature-controlled room, divided into 4 treatments, and fed a basal diet only (control) or basal diet supplemented with purified ZEA at a dietary concentration of 1 (ZEA1), 2 (ZEA2), or 3 (ZEA3) mg/kg of diet for 18 d ad libitum. The actual ZEA contents (analyzed) were 0, 1.1 ± 0.02, 2.0 ± 0.01, and 3.2 ± 0.02 mg/kg for control, ZEA1, ZEA2, and ZEA3, respectively. Gilts fed different amounts of dietary ZEA grew similarly with no difference (P > 0.05) in feed intake. Vulva size increased linearly over the 18 d of feeding in gilts fed diets containing 1.1 mg of ZEA/kg or greater (P < 0.001). Relative weight of genital organs, liver, and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.05) in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamate transferase, urea, and creatinine (P < 0.05), and malondialdehyde concentrations in both serum and liver (P < 0.001) were also increased linearly in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. However, spleen relative weight (P = 0.002) and activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (in both serum and liver (P < 0.05) were decreased linearly as dietary ZEA increased. Results showed that besides genital organs, the liver, kidney, and spleen may also be target tissues in young gilts fed diets containing 1.1 to 3.2 mg of ZEA/kg for 18 d. Increased key liver enzymes in the serum suggest progressive liver damage caused by feeding ZEA, and an increase in oxidative stress in gilts is another potential impact of ZEA toxicity in pigs.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）是一种雌激素样真菌毒素，主要由镰刀菌产生。先前的研究表明，急性 ZEA 暴露会导致多个器官的氧化应激和损伤。因此，本研究旨在探讨日粮 ZEA（1.1 至 3.2 毫克/千克日粮）对断奶后母猪的氧化应激和器官损伤的不良影响。本研究共使用了 20 头断奶后 21 天、平均体重为 10.36±1.21 千克的长白猪×约克夏猪×杜洛克猪。母猪在温度可控的房间中饲养，分为 4 个处理组，自由采食基础日粮（对照组）或基础日粮中添加浓度分别为 1（ZEA1）、2（ZEA2）或 3（ZEA3）毫克/千克日粮的纯化 ZEA18 天。实际 ZEA 含量（分析）分别为 0、1.1±0.02、2.0±0.01 和 3.2±0.02 毫克/千克，对照组、ZEA1、ZEA2 和 ZEA3 组。饲喂不同量日粮 ZEA 的母猪生长情况相似，采食量无差异（P>0.05）。在饲喂含 1.1 毫克/千克或更高 ZEA 的日粮的母猪中，外阴大小在 18 天的饲喂过程中呈线性增加（P<0.001）。生殖道、肝脏和肾脏的相对重量呈 ZEA 剂量依赖性线性增加（P<0.05）。血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、尿素和肌酐（P<0.05）以及血清和肝脏中的丙二醛浓度（P<0.001）也呈 ZEA 剂量依赖性线性增加。然而，随着日粮 ZEA 的增加，脾脏相对重量（P=0.002）以及血清和肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性（P<0.05）呈线性下降。结果表明，除生殖道外，肝脏、肾脏和脾脏也可能是年轻母猪在 1.1 至 3.2 毫克/千克日粮中饲喂 18 天的靶组织。血清中关键肝脏酶的增加表明 ZEA 喂养导致的进行性肝损伤，而母猪氧化应激的增加是 ZEA 毒性对猪的另一个潜在影响。
