Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae115.
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, causes endocrine disruption and porcine reproductive dysfunction. Heat stress (HS) occurs when exogenous and metabolic heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation. Independently, HS and ZEN both compromise swine reproduction; thus, the hypothesis investigated was two-pronged: that ZEN exposure would alter the ovarian proteome and that these effects would differ in thermal neutral (TN) and HS pigs. Pre-pubertal gilts (n = 38) were fed ad libitum and assigned to either (TN: 21.0 ± 0.1 °C) or HS (12 h cyclic temperatures of 35.0 ± 0.2 °C and 32.2 ± 0.1 °C). Within the TN group, a subset of pigs were pair-fed (PF) to the amount of feed that the HS gilts consumed to eliminate the confounding effects of dissimilar nutrient intake. All gilts orally received a vehicle control (CT) or ZEN (40 μg/kg/BW) resulting in six treatment groups: thermoneutral (TN) vehicle control (TC; n = 6); TN ZEN (TZ; n = 6); PF vehicle control (PC; n = 6); PF ZEN (PZ; n = 6); HS vehicle control (HC; n = 7); or HS ZEN (HZ; n = 7) for 7 d. When compared to the TC pigs, TZ pigs had 45 increased and 39 decreased proteins (P ≤ 0.05). In the HZ pigs, 47 proteins were increased and 61 were decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Exposure to ZEN during TN conditions altered sec61 translocon complex (40%), rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane (8.2%), and proteasome complex (5.4%), asparagine metabolic process (0.60%), aspartate family amino acid metabolic process (0.14%), and cellular amide metabolic process (0.02%) pathways. During HS, ZEN affected cellular pathways associated with proteasome core complex alpha subunit complex (0.23%), fibrillar collagen trimer (0.14%), proteasome complex (0.05%), and spliceosomal complex (0.03%). Thus, these data identify ovarian pathways altered by ZEN exposure and suggest that the molecular targets of ZEN differ in TN and HS pigs.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是一种非甾体类雌激素真菌毒素，可导致内分泌紊乱和猪繁殖功能障碍。当外源性和代谢性热量积累超过热量散发时，就会发生热应激（HS）。独立地，HS 和 ZEN 都会损害猪的繁殖；因此，研究假设是双管齐下的：ZEN 暴露会改变卵巢蛋白质组，并且这些影响在热中性（TN）和 HS 猪中会有所不同。青春期前的小母猪（n=38）自由采食，并分为 TN（21.0±0.1°C）或 HS（12 小时循环温度为 35.0±0.2°C 和 32.2±0.1°C）组。在 TN 组中，一部分小母猪进行了配对喂养（PF），喂养量与 HS 小母猪的进食量相同，以消除不同营养摄入的混杂影响。所有小母猪经口给予载体对照（CT）或 ZEN（40μg/kg/BW），分为 6 个处理组：热中性（TN）载体对照（TC；n=6）；TN ZEN（TZ；n=6）；PF 载体对照（PC；n=6）；PF ZEN（PZ；n=6）；HS 载体对照（HC；n=7）；或 HS ZEN（HZ；n=7），持续 7 天。与 TC 组相比，TZ 组有 45 种蛋白增加和 39 种蛋白减少（P≤0.05）。在 HZ 组中，有 47 种蛋白增加和 61 种蛋白减少（P≤0.05）。在 TN 条件下暴露于 ZEN 会改变 sec61 易位复合物（40%）、粗面内质网膜（8.2%）和蛋白酶体复合物（5.4%）、天冬酰胺代谢过程（0.60%）、天冬氨酸家族氨基酸代谢过程（0.14%）和细胞酰胺代谢过程（0.02%）途径。在 HS 期间，ZEN 影响与蛋白酶体核心复合物 α 亚基复合物（0.23%）、纤维胶原三聚体（0.14%）、蛋白酶体复合物（0.05%）和剪接体复合物（0.03%）相关的细胞途径。因此，这些数据确定了 ZEN 暴露改变的卵巢途径，并表明 ZEN 在 TN 和 HS 猪中的分子靶标不同。
