Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Jan;89(1):124-35. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3005. Epub 2010 Oct 1.
This study investigated the growth and immune responses of pigs fed diets containing reduced concentrations of aflatoxin (AF) and deoxynivalenol (DON) from naturally contaminated corn. Sixty gilts (13.9 ± 0.2 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (5 replicate pens per treatment and 3 pigs per pen): A (a control diet without detectable AF and DON); B (a diet with 60 μg of AF/kg and 300 μg of DON/kg); C (a diet with 120 μg of AF/kg and 600 μg of DON/kg); and D (a diet with 180 μg of AF/kg and 900 μg of DON/kg). Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water for 33 d. Feed intake and BW were measured weekly and pigs were bled (8 mL) on d 33 to measure the numbers of blood cells, to conduct liver function tests, and to measure immunological variables including IgG, IgM, interferon γ, IL4, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor α. One pig representing the average BW of each pen was killed to obtain the liver, kidneys, and spleen for weight, tissue color measurement, and histological evaluation of tissue damage. When compared with A, pigs in C and D tended to have reduced ADG (0.52 vs. 0.43 and 0.41 kg/d, respectively; P = 0.058) and ADFI (1.04 vs. 0.92 and 0.88 kg/d, respectively; P = 0.061). White blood cell count of pigs in D (23.4 × 10(3) cells/μL) was greater (P < 0.05) than those in A, B, and C (18.4, 18.5, and 16.8 × 10(3) cells/μL, respectively. Serum tumor necrosis factor α concentration of pigs in D (335 pg/mL) differed (P < 0.05) from those in A and C (299 and 290 pg/mL, respectively). Pigs in B and D had greater (P < 0.05) fibrosis in liver tissues than those in A. Collectively, this study shows that diets containing both AF and DON greater than 60 and 300 μg/kg, respectively, may reduce growth and decrease feed intake, whereas diets containing 120 μg of AF/kg and 600 μg of DON/kg may result in altered immune health, systemic inflammation, and partial liver damage, causing further reduction in growth of pigs.
本研究旨在探讨饲喂含低浓度黄曲霉毒素（AF）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的受污染玉米日粮的猪的生长和免疫反应。60 头母猪（13.9±0.2kg BW）被随机分为 4 个处理组（每个处理组 5 个重复栏，每个栏 3 头猪）：A（不含可检测到的 AF 和 DON 的对照日粮）；B（含 60μg/kg AF 和 300μg/kg DON 的日粮）；C（含 120μg/kg AF 和 600μg/kg DON 的日粮）；D（含 180μg/kg AF 和 900μg/kg DON 的日粮）。猪可自由采食和饮水 33d。每周测量采食量和 BW，在第 33d 采血（8mL），以测量血细胞数量、进行肝功能检查，并测量免疫变量，包括 IgG、IgM、干扰素 γ、IL4、IL6 和肿瘤坏死因子 α。每栏代表平均 BW 的一头猪被宰杀，以获得肝脏、肾脏和脾脏，用于称重、组织颜色测量和组织损伤的组织学评估。与 A 相比，C 和 D 组猪的 ADG（分别为 0.52、0.43 和 0.41kg/d，P=0.058）和 ADFI（分别为 1.04、0.92 和 0.88kg/d，P=0.061）均降低。D 组猪的白细胞计数（23.4×103 个/μL）高于 A、B 和 C 组（分别为 18.4、18.5 和 16.8×103 个/μL，P<0.05）。D 组猪的血清肿瘤坏死因子 α浓度（335pg/mL）与 A 和 C 组（分别为 299 和 290pg/mL）不同（P<0.05）。B 和 D 组猪的肝脏组织纤维化程度高于 A 组（P<0.05）。综上所述，本研究表明，日粮中同时含有超过 60μg/kg 和 300μg/kg 的 AF 和 DON 可能会降低生长和采食量，而含有 120μg/kg AF 和 600μg/kg DON 的日粮可能会导致免疫健康改变、全身炎症和部分肝脏损伤，从而进一步降低猪的生长速度。
