Dominguez-Ortega J, González de Olano D, Trujillo M J, Henríquez A, Losada A, Rodríguez-Domínguez B
Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2011 Jan-Apr;34(1):43-50. doi: 10.4321/s1137-66272011000100005.
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide in the last two decades, particularly in developed countries. Respiratory allergy is determined by genetic heredity, influenced by environmental factors. Migration is a good epidemiological model for assessing the influence of the environment. We present the clinical characteristics of respiratory allergy in immigrants in the central region of Spain.
We prospectively collected data on all immigrants referred to the allergy units of 7 different hospitals in Madrid, Cuenca and Ciudad Real in March 2010. Respiratory Allergy was diagnosed using a standard study for allergic diseases. Results in immigrants were compared with data from a similar Spanish population.
Sixty-two immigrants and 32 Spanish patients were evaluated (63% female, mean age 28.4 years). Their countries of origin were uniformly distributed among 3 macroareas (North of Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe). More than 96% presented rhinitis, although persistent rhinitis was more prevalent amongst Latin Americans (76.9%) than in the Spanish population (48%). No differences were observed in asthma prevalence, although immigrants had higher rates of non-controlled and partially controlled asthma. The mean time of onset of symptoms after immigration was 43 months. Grass pollen was the most relevant allergen with the exception of Arab patients. Sensitization to polcalcin was rare. Otherwise, 44.1% of the Spanish population was sensitized to profilin (only 4.88% among immigrants) although this sensitization did not associate allergy to fruits or other vegetables.
In summary, a multicentric study is presented where significant differences have been observed in the sensitization pattern and clinical evolution of respiratory allergy in immigrants and the Spanish population.
在过去二十年中，过敏性疾病在全球范围内的患病率有所上升，尤其是在发达国家。呼吸道过敏由遗传决定，并受环境因素影响。移民是评估环境影响的良好流行病学模型。我们展示了西班牙中部地区移民呼吸道过敏的临床特征。
我们前瞻性地收集了2010年3月转诊至马德里、昆卡和雷阿尔城7家不同医院过敏科的所有移民的数据。使用过敏性疾病的标准研究方法诊断呼吸道过敏。将移民的结果与西班牙类似人群的数据进行比较。
评估了62名移民和32名西班牙患者（女性占63%，平均年龄28.4岁）。他们的原籍国均匀分布在三个大区（北非、拉丁美洲和东欧）。超过96%的人患有鼻炎，尽管持续性鼻炎在拉丁美洲人中（76.9%）比在西班牙人群中（48%）更为普遍。哮喘患病率没有差异，尽管移民中未控制和部分控制的哮喘发生率较高。移民后症状出现的平均时间为43个月。除阿拉伯患者外，草花粉是最主要的过敏原。对原肌球蛋白的致敏很少见。此外，44.1%的西班牙人群对肌动蛋白结合蛋白致敏（移民中仅为4.88%），尽管这种致敏与水果或其他蔬菜过敏无关。
总之，本研究呈现了一项多中心研究，在移民和西班牙人群的呼吸道过敏致敏模式和临床演变方面观察到了显著差异。
