Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Faculty of Social and Labor Studies, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 25;19(7):3900. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073900.
The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of the psychosocial determinants of satisfaction with social support, resilience and satisfaction with life, and the sociodemographic determinants of age, gender and length of residence on chronic diseases in immigrants living in Spain. The sample was composed of 1131 immigrants from Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia. 47.1% were men and 52.9% were women. Most relevant results point to age as the sociodemographic variable with the highest predictive effect in the six chronic diseases analyzed. Gender, in this case female, predicts arthrosis, chronic back pain and migraine, whereas length of residence was only significant in the case of chronic allergies. Regarding psychosocial variables, resilience is a good predictor of hypertension, chronic allergies and arthrosis. However, satisfaction with social support appears to be the best predictor for chronic back pain in the regression equation, satisfaction with life being a significant variable in migraine, arthrosis, allergies and high cholesterol. Results are notably relevant for the design of preventive health programs in immigrants, as well as in ensuring their appropriate access to the health system so that their chronic diseases can be diagnosed. Given the relevance and incidence of the chronic diseases analyzed in immigrants, preventive strategies should be improved to tackle chronic diseases that can have a serious impact on immigrants' health.
本研究旨在分析社会支持满意度、适应力和生活满意度的社会心理决定因素，以及年龄、性别和居住时间等人口统计学决定因素对居住在西班牙的移民慢性病的影响。该样本由来自非洲、东欧、拉丁美洲和亚洲的 1131 名移民组成。其中 47.1%是男性，52.9%是女性。最相关的结果表明，年龄是分析的六种慢性病中具有最高预测效果的社会人口统计学变量。在这种情况下，性别（女性）预测关节炎、慢性背痛和偏头痛，而居住时间仅在慢性过敏的情况下才有意义。关于心理社会变量，适应力是高血压、慢性过敏和关节炎的良好预测指标。然而，社会支持满意度似乎是回归方程中预测慢性背痛的最佳指标，而生活满意度则是偏头痛、关节炎、过敏和高胆固醇的重要变量。这些结果对于为移民设计预防保健计划以及确保他们能够适当获得医疗保健系统，从而对其慢性病进行诊断，具有重要意义。鉴于分析中移民的慢性病的相关性和发病率，应改进预防策略，以应对可能对移民健康造成严重影响的慢性病。
