Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
Behav Brain Res. 2011 Oct 1;223(2):262-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.024. Epub 2011 Apr 22.
Contingency learning is essential for establishing predictive or causal judgements. Retrospective revaluation captures essential aspects of the updating of this knowledge, according to new experience. In the present study, retrospective revaluation and its neural substrate was investigated in a rat conditioned magazine approach. One element of a previously food-reinforced Tone-Light compound stimulus was either further reinforced (inflation) or extinguished (extinction). These treatments affected the predictive value of the alternate stimulus (target), but only when the target was a weakly salient stimulus such as a Light, and the inflation/extinction procedure concerned the more salient element, that is the Tone. As the predictive value of the Light was decreased in comparison with a relevant control group, this revaluation was interpreted as backward blocking, and not unovershadowing. This observation challenges retrospective revaluation models focused on acquisition and prediction error detection, and is better accounted for by retrieval-based associative theories such as the comparator model (Miller and Matzel) [5]. Immunohistochemical detection of the Fos protein after the test phase revealed activation of the orbitofrontal and infralimbic cortices as well as nucleus accumbens core and shell, in rats that exhibited retrospective revaluation. Our results suggest that rats integrate successive experiences at the retrieval stage of retrospective revaluation, and that prefronto-accumbal interactions are involved in this function.
条件学习对于建立预测或因果判断至关重要。根据新的经验，回溯重估捕捉到了这种知识更新的重要方面。在本研究中，我们在大鼠条件性杂志接近法中研究了回溯重估及其神经基础。先前食物强化的音调-光复合刺激的一个元素被进一步强化（膨胀）或消除（灭绝）。这些处理影响了替代刺激（目标）的预测值，但仅当目标是一个较弱的突出刺激，如光，并且膨胀/灭绝程序涉及到更突出的元素，即音。由于与相关对照组相比，光的预测值降低，这种重估被解释为回溯阻断，而不是非遮蔽。这一观察结果挑战了以获取和预测错误检测为重点的回溯重估模型，并且更好地由基于检索的联想理论来解释，例如比较器模型（Miller 和 Matzel）[5]。在测试阶段后进行 Fos 蛋白的免疫组织化学检测显示，在表现出回溯重估的大鼠中，眶额皮质和下边缘皮质以及伏隔核核心和壳被激活。我们的结果表明，大鼠在回溯重估的检索阶段整合了连续的经验，并且前额-伏隔核相互作用参与了这一功能。
