Altenhöner T, Haustein S, Reime B, Möller J
Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken.
Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2011 Apr;215(2):77-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1273717. Epub 2011 May 3.
Low birth weight is associated with elevated health-care costs and adverse conditions for the newborn's start to life. A variety of health problems and an impaired potential for the infant's development are known long-term effects. Only few studies have examined the role of psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants for the incidence of low birth weight, especially in Germany. The aim of our study was to test the impact of maternal socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics as well as health behaviour on the infant's birth weight.
In an exploratory case-control study we tested whether the before mentioned potential determinants of low birth weight were observed more often among cases (birth weight <2,500 g) than among controls. Standardised interviews were conducted with maternal cases and controls.
The results show that mothers in the control group more often were married or cohabiting (100% vs. 77%; p<0.05) and that they had a higher occupational status (83% non-manual vs. 54%; p<0.05). Level of education was not significantly related to birth weight. Mothers in the case group more often reported exhaustion (p<0.05) and marital problems [M=1.8 (1.1) vs. M=1.3 (0.5); p<0.05). They were characterised by a higher burden of work-strain in terms of weather conditions, heat or infiltration [M=1.7 (1.0) vs. M=1.1 (0.4); p<0.05). The available living space was slightly smaller in the case group [M=96.5 m(2) (31.5 m(2)) vs. M=118.5 m(2) (46.8 m(2)); p<0.1).
Our results confirm international studies showing differences regarding the social context of women who give birth to a child with normal or low birth weight. Apart from vertical status characteristics, marital conditions and resulting psychosocial stressors seem to have an impact.
低出生体重与医疗保健成本增加以及新生儿生命起点的不利状况相关。各种健康问题以及婴儿发育潜力受损是已知的长期影响。只有少数研究探讨了心理社会和社会经济决定因素对低出生体重发生率的作用，尤其是在德国。我们研究的目的是检验母亲的社会经济和心理社会特征以及健康行为对婴儿出生体重的影响。
在一项探索性病例对照研究中，我们检验了上述低出生体重的潜在决定因素在病例组（出生体重<2500克）中是否比对照组更常出现。对母亲病例组和对照组进行了标准化访谈。
结果显示，对照组中的母亲更多处于已婚或同居状态（100%对77%；p<0.05），且职业地位更高（83%为非体力劳动者对54%；p<0.05）。教育水平与出生体重无显著关联。病例组中的母亲更多报告疲惫（p<0.05）和婚姻问题[M=1.8（1.1）对M=1.3（0.5）；p<0.05]。她们在天气状况、炎热或潮湿方面的工作压力负担更高[M=1.7（1.0）对M=1.1（0.4）；p<0.05]。病例组的可用居住空间略小[M=96.5平方米（31.5平方米）对M=118.5平方米（46.8平方米）；p<0.1]。
我们的结果证实了国际研究，表明在生育正常出生体重或低出生体重孩子的女性的社会背景方面存在差异。除了纵向地位特征外，婚姻状况以及由此产生的心理社会压力源似乎也有影响。
