Waszkiewicz Napoleon, Zalewska Anna, Szulc Agata, Kepka Alina, Konarzewska Beata, Zalewska-Szajda Beata, Chojnowska Sylwia, Waszkiel Danuta, Zwierz Krzysztof
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Klinika Psychiatrii.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2011 Jan;30(175):69-74.
Ethanol diffuses rapidly into saliva during the drinking, and immediately after its salivary concentration is temporarily much higher than in plasma. Within 30 minutes, salivary ethanol concentration equilibrates with the plasma level, thus suggesting that ethanol easily penetrates the whole body, including oral cavity tissues and salivary glands. After alcohol intake, the level of acetaldehyde in saliva strikingly exceeds the level in systemic blood. From saliva, acetaldehyde and ethanol easily reach all local tissues. Damage to the oral tissues seems to be ascribed mostly to the action of acetaldehyde, although some acute effects depend on a direct action of ethanol and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). It is known that the oral mucosal surface is the home of numerous normal flora microorganisms and is the portal of entry for the majority of pathogens. The oral cavity and salivary antimicrobial immune defense systems eliminate pathogens and prevent massive overgrowth of microorganisms. An oral defense system participate in the protection of not only oral tissues, but also in the protection of upper digestive and respiratory tracts, against a number of microbial pathogens. Saliva plays the role in the oral cavity lubrication, maintenance of mucosal and tooth integrity, esophageal physiology, digestion and gastric cytoprotection. As alcohol abuse affects the structure and function of oral cavity mucosa, salivary glands and saliva, the maintenance of oral and general health under normal conditions is seriously impaired during the drinking. The severe tissue damage occurs in particular when alcohol abuse coincides with smoking.
饮酒期间乙醇迅速扩散到唾液中，饮酒后唾液中乙醇浓度会立即暂时高于血浆中的浓度。30分钟内，唾液乙醇浓度与血浆水平达到平衡，这表明乙醇很容易渗透到全身，包括口腔组织和唾液腺。摄入酒精后，唾液中乙醛水平显著超过全身血液中的水平。乙醛和乙醇很容易从唾液到达所有局部组织。口腔组织的损伤似乎主要归因于乙醛的作用，尽管一些急性效应取决于乙醇的直接作用以及活性氧（ROS）和脂肪酸乙酯（FAEEs）的形成。众所周知，口腔黏膜表面是众多正常菌群微生物的栖息地，也是大多数病原体的入口。口腔和唾液抗菌免疫防御系统可清除病原体并防止微生物大量过度生长。口腔防御系统不仅参与保护口腔组织，还参与保护上消化道和呼吸道免受多种微生物病原体的侵害。唾液在口腔润滑、维持黏膜和牙齿完整性、食管生理、消化以及胃细胞保护方面发挥作用。由于酗酒会影响口腔黏膜、唾液腺和唾液的结构与功能，饮酒期间正常情况下口腔和整体健康的维持会受到严重损害。尤其是当酗酒与吸烟同时存在时，会发生严重的组织损伤。
