Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2011 Sep;13(9):809-19. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr077. Epub 2011 May 4.
Smoking is a known risk indicator for depression and some of the anxiety disorders. No data are available on the role of age at smoking onset in the development of depression and anxiety disorders. We examined the association of smoking onset age on the onset age of depression and anxiety disorders.
Participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety Disorders who developed psychopathology after starting smoking were selected (N = 1,055). The dependent variable was the time to onset of psychopathology after starting smoking, and the independent variable was age at smoking onset.
The time period between smoking onset and the onset of depression and/or anxiety disorders was 5 years shorter for early-onset smokers than for late-onset smokers. Moreover, a greater percentage of early-onset smokers than late-onset smokers had the first onset of psychopathology within the first 5 years after starting smoking. Age at smoking onset predicted age at psychopathology onset after controlling for the effects of gender, education, and childhood trauma. When separate analyses were done for depression and anxiety disorders, this pattern of results was found only for anxiety disorders.
A young age at smoking onset is associated with a shorter time to first onset of an anxiety disorder. This study with psychiatric patients extends previous findings in general population samples that smoking and depression and anxiety disorders are associated.
吸烟是已知的抑郁和某些焦虑障碍的风险指标。目前尚无关于吸烟起始年龄在抑郁和焦虑障碍发展中的作用的数据。我们研究了吸烟起始年龄与抑郁和焦虑障碍起始年龄的关系。
选择开始吸烟后出现精神病理学的荷兰抑郁和焦虑障碍研究参与者（N=1055）。因变量为开始吸烟后出现精神病理学的时间，自变量为吸烟起始年龄。
与晚发性吸烟者相比，早发性吸烟者吸烟后出现抑郁和/或焦虑障碍的时间间隔缩短了 5 年。此外，与晚发性吸烟者相比，早发性吸烟者中有更大比例的人在开始吸烟后的前 5 年内首次出现精神病理学。在控制了性别、教育和儿童期创伤的影响后，吸烟起始年龄预测了精神病理学起始年龄。当分别对抑郁和焦虑障碍进行分析时，这种结果模式仅在焦虑障碍中发现。
吸烟起始年龄较早与首次出现焦虑障碍的时间较短有关。这项针对精神科患者的研究扩展了以前在一般人群样本中发现的吸烟与抑郁和焦虑障碍相关的研究结果。
