Polly Derek M, Paciullo Christopher A, Hatfield Chad J
Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2011 Apr-Jun;33(2):127-36. doi: 10.1097/TME.0b013e318217a564.
Severe hypertension is a frequent condition among patients presenting to emergency departments. Historically, this has been referred to as a hypertensive crisis. In addition, these hypertensive crises have been further divided into either hypertensive emergencies or urgencies depending on the presence or absence of target organ damage, respectively. The management differs between these crises in both the rapidity of blood pressure correction and the medications used. Hypertensive emergencies must be treated immediately with intravenous antihypertensive medications. However, hypertensive urgencies may be treated with oral antihypertensive agents to reduce the blood pressure to baseline or normal over a period of 24-48 hr. Appropriate identification, evaluation, and treatment of these conditions are of great importance in the emergency department to prevent progression of organ damage and death. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the hypertensive crises and their management.
重度高血压在前往急诊科就诊的患者中很常见。从历史上看，这被称为高血压危象。此外，根据是否存在靶器官损害，这些高血压危象又进一步分为高血压急症或高血压亚急症。这些危象在血压纠正的速度和所用药物方面的管理有所不同。高血压急症必须立即用静脉降压药物治疗。然而，高血压亚急症可以用口服降压药治疗，在24至48小时内将血压降至基线或正常水平。在急诊科对这些情况进行适当的识别、评估和治疗对于预防器官损害的进展和死亡非常重要。本文的目的是概述高血压危象及其管理。
