School Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
Chemosphere. 2011 Sep;84(10):1512-20. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.032. Epub 2011 May 5.
As part of endocrine disruption in catchments (EDCAT) programme, this work aims to assess the temporal and spatial variations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in River Ray, before and after the commissioning of a full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant at a sewage treatment works (STW). Through spot and passive sampling from effluent and river sites, estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were determined by chemical analysis and in vitro bio-assay. A correlation was found between chemical analyses of the most potent estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) measurement, both showing clearly a reduction in estrogenic activity after the commissioning of the GAC plant at the STW. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 had decreased from 3.5 ng L(-1), 3.1 ng L(-1) and 0.5 ng L(-1) to below their limit of detection (LOD), respectively, with a concentration reduction of at least 91%, 81% and 60%. Annual mean estrogenic activity measured by YES of spot samples varied from 1.9 ng L(-1) to 0.4 ng L(-1) E2 equivalent between 2006 and 2008 representing a 79% reduction. Similarly, anti-androgenic activity measured by yeast anti-androgen screen (anti-YAS) of spot samples was reduced from 148.8 to 22.4 μg flutamide L(-1), or by 85%. YES and anti-YAS values were related to each other, suggesting co-existence of both types of activities from chemical mixtures in environmental samples. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a full-scale GAC in removing both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities from sewage effluent.
作为流域内分泌干扰物（EDCAT）计划的一部分，本工作旨在评估在污水处理厂（STW）全面启用颗粒活性炭（GAC）工厂前后，雷河内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的时间和空间变化。通过对污水和河流现场的点采样和被动采样，通过化学分析和体外生物测定来确定雌激素和抗雄激素活性。在化学分析最有效的雌激素（雌酮（E1）、17β-雌二醇（E2）、17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2））和酵母雌激素筛选（YES）测量之间发现了相关性，这两者都清楚地表明在 STW 启用 GAC 工厂后，雌激素活性明显降低。在研究期间，E1、E2 和 EE2 的年平均浓度已从 3.5ng/L、3.1ng/L 和 0.5ng/L 分别降至低于检测限（LOD），浓度降低至少 91%、81%和 60%。通过 YES 对现场样品进行的年度平均雌激素活性测量值在 2006 年至 2008 年间从 1.9ng/L 变化至 0.4ng/L E2 当量，降低了 79%。同样，通过酵母抗雄激素筛选（anti-YAS）对现场样品进行的抗雄激素活性从 148.8μg 氟他胺/L 降低至 22.4μg 氟他胺/L，降低了 85%。YES 和 anti-YAS 值相互关联，表明在环境样品的化学混合物中存在这两种类型的活性共存。这些发现证实了全面启用 GAC 从污水中去除雌激素和抗雄激素活性的有效性。
