Grant William B, Gorham Edward D
Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center (SUNARC); San Francisco, CA USA.
Dermatoendocrinol. 2010 Apr;2(2):46-9. doi: 10.4161/derm.2.2.13841.
Frank Caldwell Garland, Ph.D., died August 17, 2010 after a year-long battle with cancer. He will be remembered for his seminal work with his brother Cedric F. Garland in proposing the ultraviolet-B (UVB)-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis to explain the geographical variation of colon cancer mortality rates in the United States in 1980. This hypothesis has been extended to about 20 types of cancer using the ecological approach, and supported strongly by observational studies of prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] for incidence of breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer, and a randomized controlled trial that used sufficient vitamin D (1,150 IU/day) to and found a strongly beneficial effect on cancer incidence. The UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis is also supported by studies that used as the index of solar UVB irradiance the amount of sunlight exposure in childhood or incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer. Survival after diagnosis was increased for individuals with higher serum 25(OH)D levels at the time of cancer diagnosis for six types of cancer: breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer; melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The ecological study approach is ideally suited to studying cancer risk-modifying factors since the lag between cancer initiation and detection or death can be 20-40 years or more, making ordinary observational studies difficult. The impact on vitamin D research by both Frank Garland and Cedric Garland has been immense. Health policy leaders will realize this in the near future, providing a rich legacy for humanity.
弗兰克·考德威尔·加兰博士在与癌症进行了长达一年的斗争后，于2010年8月17日去世。他将因其与弟弟塞德里克·F·加兰的开创性工作而被铭记，他们在1980年提出了紫外线B（UVB）-维生素D-癌症假说，以解释美国结肠癌死亡率的地理差异。该假说已通过生态学方法扩展到约20种癌症类型，并得到了对乳腺癌、结直肠癌和卵巢癌发病率的诊断前血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]的观察性研究以及一项随机对照试验的有力支持，该试验使用了足够的维生素D（1150国际单位/天），并发现对癌症发病率有显著的有益影响。UVB-维生素D-癌症假说也得到了一些研究的支持，这些研究将儿童时期的阳光暴露量或非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发病率用作太阳UVB辐照度的指标。对于六种癌症（乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、黑色素瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤）的患者，在癌症诊断时血清25(OH)D水平较高者，诊断后的生存率有所提高。生态学研究方法非常适合研究癌症风险调节因素，因为癌症发生与检测或死亡之间的滞后时间可能为20至40年或更长，这使得普通的观察性研究变得困难。弗兰克·加兰和塞德里克·加兰对维生素D研究的影响是巨大的。卫生政策领导人将在不久的将来认识到这一点，为人类留下丰富的遗产。
