Mutambudzi Miriam, Meyer John D, Warren Nicholas, Reisine Susan
Division of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6210, USA.
Women Health. 2011 May;51(3):279-97. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2011.560242.
Birth outcomes may influence subsequent susceptibility to chronic diseases. With the increased number of women who continue to work during pregnancy, occupational stress has been hypothesized to be a potential contributor to adverse reproductive health outcomes. The Job Demand and Control model has been primarily used in investigating associations between work-related stress and outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and spontaneous abortion. A literature review of occupational factors that have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes was conducted. In studies assessing preterm delivery and low birth weight, some evidence has suggested a modest association with work-related stress but has not been conclusive. In the literature on psychosocial characteristics of work and spontaneous abortion, job strain alone was often not associated with adverse outcomes. However the presence of other risk factors resulted in a synergistic effect which strengthened the odds of an adverse outcome. Future studies should use a prospective design with a large study sample, in which work-related stress exposure data are collected before or in the early stages of the pregnancy. In addition, future research should measure psychosocial characteristics of work both objectively and subjectively.
出生结局可能会影响随后患慢性病的易感性。随着孕期仍继续工作的女性数量增加，职业压力被认为是不良生殖健康结局的一个潜在促成因素。工作需求与控制模型主要用于研究与工作相关的压力和诸如早产、低出生体重及自然流产等结局之间的关联。对与不良生殖结局相关的职业因素进行了文献综述。在评估早产和低出生体重的研究中，一些证据表明与工作相关的压力存在适度关联，但尚无定论。在关于工作的心理社会特征与自然流产的文献中，仅工作紧张通常与不良结局无关。然而，其他风险因素的存在会产生协同效应，从而增加不良结局的几率。未来的研究应采用前瞻性设计并使用大样本，在孕期之前或早期收集与工作相关的压力暴露数据。此外，未来的研究应客观和主观地衡量工作的心理社会特征。
