Tanaka Keiko, Miyake Yoshihiro
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Asthma. 2011 Jun;48(5):458-63. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.578314. Epub 2011 May 9.
Many studies have shown a positive association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and allergic disorders, whereas epidemiological evidence of the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on allergic diseases is inconsistent. We investigated the independent and joint effects of in utero exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal ETS exposure at home on allergic disorders among Japanese children.
Study subjects were 1951 children aged 3 years. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal exposure to ETS at home, allergic symptoms, and potential confounders were collected through the use of a questionnaire. Outcomes were defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).
The prevalence values of symptoms of wheeze, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months were 22.0%, 8.8%, and 17.2%, respectively. We found that postnatal ETS exposure at home in the absence of in utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.67). In contrast, in utero exposure without subsequent postnatal ETS exposure at home or exposure to postnatal ETS at home in addition to in utero exposure to maternal smoking was not associated with the prevalence of wheeze. No measurable associations were observed between fetal, postnatal, or joint exposure and the prevalence of asthma or eczema.
Data from this study indicate that ETS at home may be associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze among young Japanese children.
许多研究表明，接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）与过敏性疾病之间存在正相关，而孕期母亲吸烟对过敏性疾病影响的流行病学证据并不一致。我们调查了子宫内接触母亲吸烟和出生后在家接触ETS对日本儿童过敏性疾病的独立及联合影响。
研究对象为1951名3岁儿童。通过问卷调查收集孕期母亲吸烟、出生后在家接触ETS、过敏症状及潜在混杂因素的数据。结局根据儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）的标准定义。
过去12个月内喘息、哮喘和湿疹症状的患病率分别为22.0%、8.8%和17.2%。我们发现，在未子宫内接触母亲吸烟的情况下，出生后在家接触ETS与喘息患病率较高相关（调整比值比（OR）=1.30，95%置信区间（CI）：1.01-1.67）。相比之下，子宫内接触但出生后未在家接触ETS，或除子宫内接触母亲吸烟外还出生后在家接触ETS，均与喘息患病率无关。未观察到胎儿期、出生后或联合接触与哮喘或湿疹患病率之间存在可测量的关联。
本研究数据表明，在家接触ETS可能与日本幼儿喘息患病率较高相关。
