Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S53-63. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300121. Epub 2011 May 6.
We examined traditional environmental justice populations and other groups whose exposure to contaminants is often disproportionately high. Risk assessment methods may not identify these populations, particularly if they are spatially dispersed. We suggest using a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey approach to oversample minority communities and develop methods for assessing exposure at different distances from pollution sources; publishing arithmetic and geometric means and full distributions for minority populations; and paying particular attention to high-end exposures. Means may sufficiently characterize populations as a whole but are inadequate in identifying vulnerable groups and subgroups. The number of individuals above the 95th percentile of any distribution may be small and unrepresentative, but these outliers are the ones who need to be protected.
我们研究了传统的环境正义人群和其他经常面临不成比例的污染物暴露的群体。风险评估方法可能无法识别这些人群，尤其是当他们在空间上分散时。我们建议采用国家健康和营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）的方法对少数民族社区进行过采样，并开发从污染源的不同距离评估暴露的方法；公布少数民族的算术和几何平均值以及完整分布；并特别注意高暴露水平。平均值可能足以描述整个人群，但不足以识别弱势群体和亚群。任何分布的第 95 个百分位数以上的个体数量可能很小且不具代表性，但这些异常值是需要保护的对象。
