Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2011 May-Jun;26(3):224-39. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e318218dd3d.
To conduct a feasibility study to compare the effects of top-down Strategic Memory and Reasoning Training (SMART) versus information-based Brain Health Workshop (BHW, control) on gist-reasoning (ie, abstracting novel meaning from complex information), memory, executive functions, and daily function in adults with traumatic brain injury.
Twenty-eight participants (of the 35 recruited), 16 men & 12 women, aged 20 to 65 years (M = 43, SD = 11.34) at chronic stages posttraumatic brain injury (2 years or longer) completed the training. Fourteen participants that received SMART and 14 participants that completed BHW were assessed both pre- and posttraining. Thirteen of the SMART trained and 11 from BHW participated in a 6-month testing.
The study was a single blinded randomized control trial. Participants in both groups received a minimum of 15 hours of training over 8 weeks.
The SMART group significantly improved gist-reasoning as compared to the BHW group. Benefits of the SMART extended to untrained measures of working memory and participation in functional activities. Exploratory analyses suggested potential transfer effects of SMART on memory and executive functions. The benefits of the SMART program as compared to BHW were evident at immediately posttraining and 6 months posttraining.
This study provides preliminary evidence that short-term intensive training in top-down modulation of information benefits gist-reasoning and generalizes to measures of executive function and real life function at chronic stages of post-TBI.
进行一项可行性研究，比较自上而下的策略性记忆与推理训练（SMART）与基于信息的大脑健康工作坊（BHW，对照组）对创伤性脑损伤成人的主旨推理（即从复杂信息中抽象出新颖含义）、记忆、执行功能和日常功能的影响。
28 名参与者（招募的 35 名中的 28 名），16 名男性和 12 名女性，年龄在 20 至 65 岁之间（M=43，SD=11.34），处于创伤性脑损伤后的慢性阶段（2 年或更长时间）完成了培训。14 名接受 SMART 治疗的参与者和 14 名完成 BHW 的参与者在培训前后都进行了评估。13 名接受 SMART 训练的参与者和 11 名来自 BHW 的参与者参加了 6 个月的测试。
该研究是一项单盲随机对照试验。两组参与者均接受了至少 15 小时的 8 周培训。
与 BHW 组相比，SMART 组的主旨推理能力显著提高。SMART 的益处扩展到未训练的工作记忆和参与功能活动的措施。探索性分析表明，SMART 对记忆和执行功能具有潜在的转移效应。与 BHW 相比，SMART 计划的益处在培训后立即和 6 个月后都很明显。
这项研究提供了初步证据，表明短期密集的信息自上而下调节训练有益于主旨推理，并在创伤性脑损伤后慢性阶段推广到执行功能和现实生活功能的测量。
