Genetics of Prokaryotes, Department of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Jul;91(1):17-30. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3252-0. Epub 2011 May 7.
In Bacteria, the pathways of polyamine biosynthesis start with the amino acids L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-arginine, or L-aspartic acid. Some of these polyamines are of special interest due to their use in the production of engineering plastics (e.g., polyamides) or as curing agents in polymer applications. At present, the polyamines for industrial use are mainly synthesized on chemical routes. However, since a commercial market for polyamines as well as an industry for the fermentative production of amino acid exist, and since bacterial strains overproducing the polyamine precursors L-lysine, L-ornithine, and L-arginine are known, it was envisioned to engineer these amino acid-producing strains for polyamine production. Only recently, researchers have investigated the potential of amino acid-producing strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli for polyamine production. This mini-review illustrates the current knowledge of polyamine metabolism in Bacteria, including anabolism, catabolism, uptake, and excretion. The recent advances in engineering the industrial model bacteria C. glutamicum and E. coli for efficient production of the most promising polyamines, putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), and cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane), are discussed in more detail.
在细菌中，多胺生物合成途径始于氨基酸 L-赖氨酸、L-鸟氨酸、L-精氨酸或 L-天冬氨酸。由于这些多胺在工程塑料（例如聚酰胺）的生产或聚合物应用中的固化剂中的用途，其中一些多胺特别引人关注。目前，工业用多胺主要通过化学途径合成。然而，由于存在多胺的商业市场以及用于发酵生产氨基酸的行业，并且已知能够过量生产多胺前体 L-赖氨酸、L-鸟氨酸和 L-精氨酸的细菌菌株，因此设想对这些生产氨基酸的菌株进行工程改造以生产多胺。直到最近，研究人员才研究了产氨基酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌和大肠杆菌菌株用于多胺生产的潜力。这篇迷你综述说明了细菌中多胺代谢的最新知识，包括生物合成、分解代谢、摄取和排泄。本文更详细地讨论了用于高效生产最有前途的多胺腐胺（1,4-二氨基丁烷）和尸胺（1,5-二氨基戊烷）的工业模式细菌谷氨酸棒杆菌和大肠杆菌的工程改造的最新进展。
