Nylund S, Andersen L, Saevareid I, Plarre H, Watanabe K, Arnesen C E, Karlsbakk E, Nylund A
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2011 Mar 16;94(1):41-57. doi: 10.3354/dao02313.
The microsporidian Paranucleospora theridion was discovered in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar suffering from proliferative gill disease in a marine farm in western Norway in 2008. The parasite develops in cells of the reticuloendothelial system, cells important for normal immune function. The aim of this study was to see if P. theridion could play a part in some of the diseases with unclear causes in salmon production in Norway, i.e. proliferative gill disease (PGI), pancreas disease (PD), heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) and cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS). P. theridion was present in all areas with salmon farming in Norway, but high prevalence and densities of the parasite in salmon and salmon lice were only seen in southern Norway. This region is also the main area for PGI and PD in Norway. Quantification of pathogens associated with PGI, PD, HSMI and CMS diagnoses showed that P. theridion levels are high in southern Norway, and may therefore play a role in susceptibility and disease development. However, among the different diagnoses, fish with PGI are particularly heavily infected with P. theridion. Therefore, P. theridion appears as a possible primary agent in cases with high mortality in connection with PGI in western Norway.
2008年，在挪威西部一个海洋养殖场中，人们在患有增殖性鳃病的大西洋鲑鱼体内发现了微孢子虫——瑟氏副核孢子虫。这种寄生虫在网状内皮系统的细胞中发育，而网状内皮系统的细胞对正常免疫功能至关重要。本研究的目的是探究瑟氏副核孢子虫是否在挪威鲑鱼养殖中某些病因不明的疾病中起作用，即增殖性鳃病（PGI）、胰腺疾病（PD）、心脏和骨骼肌炎症（HSMI）以及心肌病综合征（CMS）。瑟氏副核孢子虫在挪威所有鲑鱼养殖区域均有出现，但仅在挪威南部的鲑鱼和鲑鱼虱中发现该寄生虫的高患病率和高密度。该地区也是挪威PGI和PD的主要发病区域。对与PGI、PD、HSMI和CMS诊断相关的病原体进行定量分析表明，挪威南部的瑟氏副核孢子虫水平很高，因此可能在易感性和疾病发展中起作用。然而，在不同诊断病例中，患有PGI的鱼感染瑟氏副核孢子虫的情况尤为严重。因此，在挪威西部与PGI相关的高死亡率病例中，瑟氏副核孢子虫似乎是一种可能的主要病原体。
