Williams Kylie A, Emmerton Lynne M, Taylor Richard, Werner Joel, Benrimoj Shalom Isaac
Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Pharm Pract. 2011 Jun;19(3):156-65. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2010.00091.x. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
To quantify pharmacy intervention rates for non-prescription medications (pharmacist-only and pharmacy medicines), to document the clinical significance of these interventions and to determine the adverse health consequences and subsequent health care avoided as a result of the interventions.
Non-prescription medicines interventions undertaken by community pharmacy staff were recorded in two field studies: a study of all Australian pharmacies to determine incidence rates for low-incidence, highly significant interventions, and a study of a sample of pharmacies to collect data on all non-prescription interventions. Recorded interventions were assessed by a clinical panel for clinical significance, potential adverse health consequence avoided, probability and likely duration of the adverse health consequence.
The rate of professional intervention that occurs in Australia for pharmacist-only and pharmacy medicines is 5.66 per 1000 unit sales (95% confidence interval 4.79-6.64). Rates of intervention varied by clinical significance. When considering health care avoided, the main impact of the interventions was avoidance of urgent general practitioner (GP) visits, followed by avoidance of regular GP visits and accident and emergency treatment. The most common adverse health consequences avoided were exacerbations of an existing condition (e.g. hypertension, asthma) and adverse drug effects.
This study demonstrates the way in which community pharmacy encourages appropriate non-prescription medicine use and prevents harm through intervening at the point of supply. It was estimated that Australian pharmacies perform 485912 interventions per annum when dealing with non-prescription medicines, with 101324 per annum being interventions that avert emergency medical attention or serious harm, or which are potentially life saving.
量化非处方药（仅药剂师可售药品和药店药品）的药学干预率，记录这些干预的临床意义，并确定因干预而避免的不良健康后果及后续医疗保健情况。
在两项实地研究中记录社区药房工作人员进行的非处方药干预：一项对所有澳大利亚药店的研究，以确定低发生率、高度显著干预的发生率；另一项对部分药店样本的研究，以收集所有非处方药干预的数据。由临床专家小组对记录的干预措施进行临床意义、避免的潜在不良健康后果、不良健康后果的可能性和可能持续时间的评估。
澳大利亚仅药剂师可售药品和药店药品的专业干预率为每1000单位销售额5.66次（95%置信区间4.79 - 6.64）。干预率因临床意义而异。在考虑避免的医疗保健情况时，干预的主要影响是避免紧急全科医生（GP）就诊，其次是避免定期GP就诊以及避免急诊治疗。避免的最常见不良健康后果是现有病情加重（如高血压、哮喘）和药物不良反应。
本研究展示了社区药房通过在供应点进行干预来鼓励合理使用非处方药并预防伤害的方式。据估计，澳大利亚药店在处理非处方药时每年进行485912次干预，其中每年有101324次干预可避免紧急医疗救治或严重伤害，或具有潜在的救命作用。
