Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2012 Mar;56(3):305-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01422.x. Epub 2011 May 10.
Begun in the late 1990s, mental health courts are specialty criminal courts developed to address the needs of persons with mental illness.
As many persons with intellectual disabilities (IDs) may overlap in the mental health court system, we used mental health court records to examine the phenomenology and outcomes of 224 defendants with and without co-occurring IDs in the mental health court. This study had two goals: (1) to examine the prevalence of defendants with IDs in the court and (2) to compare defendants with dual diagnoses with defendants with lone mental health disorders.
Approximately 11% of defendants in the mental health court also had IDs. Compared with individuals with mental health disorders alone, individuals with dual diagnoses were more likely to be younger, male, African-American and less well-educated; these defendants were also more likely to show externalising, 'turning-against-others' symptoms, less likely to show internalising, 'turning-against-self' symptoms. Defendants with IDs (vs. those without) more often received behavioural, vocational rehabilitation and other services, although the two groups did not differ on most outcome variables.
Directions for future research are discussed.
心理健康法庭始于 20 世纪 90 年代末，是为满足精神疾病患者需求而设立的专门刑事法庭。
由于许多智力障碍者（IDs）可能与心理健康法庭系统重叠，我们使用心理健康法庭记录来检查 224 名患有和不患有共同 ID 的被告在心理健康法庭中的表现和结果。这项研究有两个目标：（1）检查法庭上有 ID 的被告的流行率；（2）比较具有双重诊断的被告与具有单一精神健康障碍的被告。
心理健康法庭中约有 11%的被告也有 ID。与仅有精神健康障碍的个体相比，具有双重诊断的个体更年轻、男性、非裔美国人，教育程度较低；这些被告也更有可能表现出外化、“反抗他人”的症状，较少表现出内化、“反抗自己”的症状。有 ID 的被告（与没有 ID 的相比）更经常接受行为、职业康复和其他服务，尽管两组在大多数结果变量上没有差异。
讨论了未来研究的方向。
