Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209-6561, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011 Aug;13(4):338-45. doi: 10.1007/s11926-011-0184-8.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound is rapidly advancing, with contemporary machines offering exquisite high-resolution pictures of superficial structures such as tendons, ligaments, bursae, and joints. It is a useful tool that maybe used to evaluate patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. High-resolution transducers readily depict ultrastructural changes in the entheses and surrounding structures, while Doppler modalities elicit signs of increased blood flow, suggesting inflammation. Some of the findings seen at the entheses of psoriatic patients maybe viewed in an alternative framework of an enthesis organ concept. There are limited studies that search for the presence of enthesopathy in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Most of these examine lower extremity entheses with heterogeneous scoring methods. Similar indices have been used to examine patients with psoriasis to elucidate signs of early or occult psoriatic enthesitis. Although ultrastructural differences have been noted compared with control groups, longitudinal data are lacking with regard to placing these changes in the context of future development of psoriatic arthritis or functional outcome.
肌肉骨骼超声技术正在迅速发展，现代仪器能够提供肌腱、韧带、滑囊和关节等浅表结构的精美高分辨率图像。它是一种有用的工具，可用于评估银屑病和银屑病关节炎患者。高分辨率换能器可以清晰地描绘附着点和周围结构的超微结构变化，而多普勒模式则可引出血流增加的迹象，提示炎症。在银屑病患者的附着点处观察到的一些表现，可以用附着点器官概念的另一种框架来解释。目前，关于银屑病关节炎患者是否存在附着点病的研究有限。这些研究大多使用不同的评分方法来检查下肢附着点。类似的指标也被用于检查银屑病患者，以阐明早期或隐匿性银屑病附着点炎的迹象。尽管与对照组相比，已经注意到了超微结构的差异，但在将这些变化置于未来发展为银屑病关节炎或功能结果的背景下，还缺乏纵向数据。
