Bühler Karl-Ernst, Heim Gerhard
Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt. 2010;29:7-42.
Pierre Janet (1859-1947) is one of those more or less forgotten authors whose approach differed significantly from Freud's psychoanalysis. In the first part of this paper, Janet's conception of hysteria is discussed and his place in French psychiatry described. Different aspects of Janet's diathesis-stress-approach are presented (particularly his important pathogenic concept of fixed ideas) which refer not only to a conception of hysteria, but also to traumatic (stress) disorders and other psychological disturbances. The second part of the paper details the varieties of Janetian therapeutic treatments for these disorders: the 'liquidation' of fixed ideas by hypnosis and suggestion, confrontation techniques which resemble contemporary cognitive behavioural approaches, and special cognitive ("logagogic") interventions. Finally, we also discuss the various treatment strategies Janet proposes for dealing with symptoms, such as asthenic or depressive states, from his psycho-economic perspective.
皮埃尔·雅内（1859 - 1947）是那些或多或少被遗忘的作者之一，其方法与弗洛伊德的精神分析有显著不同。在本文的第一部分，讨论了雅内关于癔症的概念，并描述了他在法国精神病学中的地位。呈现了雅内素质 - 应激方法的不同方面（特别是他重要的固定观念致病概念），这不仅涉及癔症的概念，还涉及创伤性（应激）障碍和其他心理障碍。本文的第二部分详细介绍了雅内针对这些障碍的各种治疗方法：通过催眠和暗示“清除”固定观念、类似于当代认知行为方法的对抗技术以及特殊的认知（“逻辑引导”）干预。最后，我们还从他的心理经济学角度讨论了雅内为处理诸如虚弱或抑郁状态等症状而提出的各种治疗策略。
