Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Sep;37(9):1274-81. doi: 10.1177/0146167211408617. Epub 2011 May 12.
Extensive work over the past decade has shown that race can bias perceptions and responses to threat. However, the previous work focused almost exclusively on responses to men and overlooked how gender and the interaction of race and gender influence decisions regarding use of force. In the current article, two studies examine the implications of gender (Study 1) and both race and gender (Study 2) for decisions to shoot criminal suspects on a computerized simulation. In Study 1, participants were biased away from shooting White female suspects compared to White male suspects. In Study 2, White participants showed a pronounced bias toward shooting Black men but a bias away from shooting Black women and White ingroup members, providing evidence of a behavioral threat-related response specific to outgroup men stereotypically associated with aggression. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
在过去的十年中，大量研究表明种族会影响对威胁的感知和反应。然而，之前的研究几乎完全集中在对男性的反应上，而忽略了性别以及种族和性别的相互作用如何影响关于使用武力的决策。在当前的文章中，两项研究考察了性别（研究 1）和种族与性别（研究 2）对计算机模拟中射击犯罪嫌疑人决策的影响。在研究 1 中，与白人男性嫌疑人相比，参与者对射击白人女性嫌疑人存在偏见。在研究 2 中，白人参与者表现出明显的倾向于射击黑人男性，但对射击黑人女性和白人内群体成员的倾向减弱，这提供了证据表明存在一种与行为威胁相关的对外群体男性的刻板印象反应，这些男性通常与攻击性有关。讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。
