[知识和态度对医护人员接种流感疫苗的影响]

[Influence of knowledge and attitude on the uptake of influenza vaccine by healthcare workers].

作者信息

Nativ Tova, Paz Alona, Peterfreund Ilana, Potasman Israel

机构信息

infectious Diseases Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel.

出版信息

Harefuah. 2010 Oct;149(10):626-9, 685.

PMID:21568055

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The compliance of healthcare workers (HCW) with the yearly influenza vaccination campaigns is suboptimal. The reasons behind this low compliance are poorly defined. Actually, nosocomiaL transmission of the virus may cause high morbidity and mortality, especially among the immunocompromised, and vaccines are offered free of charge, but nonetheless, vaccination rates are low.

AIM OF STUDY

To study the reasons underlying this low vaccine uptake.

METHODS

Anonymous questionnaires were randomly distributed to hospital staff at the Bnai-Zion Medical Center in Haifa. The questionnaires included demographics, knowledge and attitude regarding the influenza vaccine.

RESULTS

Overall, 255 of the 275 distributed questionnaires were returned (117 nurses, 108 physicians and 30 others). Only 21% of those returning the questionnaires had been vaccinated in the fall of 2007. Vaccination rates among different professional sectors were not significantly different. The rate of vaccination was significantly higher in the division of pediatrics (45%) vs. the division of medicine (10%, p < 0.01). The vaccination rates correlated directly with knowledge: 11% among low-level, 16% in intermediate and 42% in those demonstrating the highest knowledge (p < 0.001). Of those who believed that the vaccine is efficacious, 33% were vaccinated, compared to only 14% among those who did not believe so (p < 0.001). Twenty-six percent of those who knew that their work constitutes a high risk condition were vaccinated vs. 9% of those who did not (p < 0.01). Higher vaccination rates (albeit low) were noted in those who believed that non-vaccination places their patients at a higher level of risk (27% vs. 14%, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Knowledge and behavioral patterns may predict which HCW will be vaccinated. Higher levels of knowledge were associated with higher vaccination rates. Towards the goal of higher vaccination rates, we must assimilate knowledge and foster our obligation to our patients.

摘要

背景

医护人员对年度流感疫苗接种活动的依从性欠佳。这种低依从性背后的原因尚不明确。实际上，病毒在医院内的传播可能导致高发病率和高死亡率，尤其是在免疫功能低下者中，而且疫苗是免费提供的，但尽管如此，接种率仍然很低。

研究目的

研究这种低疫苗接种率背后的原因。

方法

向海法市贝纳伊锡安医疗中心的医院工作人员随机发放匿名问卷。问卷内容包括人口统计学信息、对流感疫苗的知识和态度。

结果

总体而言，发放的275份问卷中有255份被收回（117名护士、108名医生和30名其他人员）。在回收问卷的人员中，只有21%在2007年秋季接种了疫苗。不同专业部门的接种率没有显著差异。儿科部门的接种率（45%）显著高于内科部门（10%，p<0.01）。接种率与知识水平直接相关：知识水平低的人员中接种率为11%，中等水平的为16%，知识水平最高的人员中为42%（p<0.001）。认为疫苗有效的人员中，33%接种了疫苗，而不认为有效的人员中只有14%接种了疫苗（p<0.001）。知道自己的工作构成高风险状况的人员中，26%接种了疫苗，而不知道的人员中为9%（p<0.01）。认为不接种会使患者面临更高风险的人员中，接种率较高（尽管较低）（27%对14%，p<0.05）。