Hofmann F, Ferracin C, Marsh G, Dumas R
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich D-Abteilung Sicherheitstechnik, FG Arbeitsphysiologie, Arbeitsmedizin und Infektionsschutz, Gaussstrasse 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany.
Infection. 2006 Jun;34(3):142-7. doi: 10.1007/s15010-006-5109-5.
Influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCW) is insufficient despite health authority recommendations in many countries. Numerous vaccination campaigns encouraging HCW to be vaccinated have met with resistance. We reviewed published influenza vaccination programs in healthcare settings to understand the reasons for their success and failure, as well as the attitudes and beliefs of HCW.
Relevant articles published up to June 2004 were identified in the MEDLINE/Pubmed database.
Thirty-two studies performed between 1985 and 2002 reported vaccination rates of 2.1-82%. Vaccination campaigns including easy access to free vaccine and an educational program tended to obtain the highest uptake, particularly in the USA. Yet, even this type of campaign was not always successful. Two main barriers to satisfactory vaccine uptake were consistently reported: (1) misperception of influenza, its risks, the role of HCW in its transmission to patients, and the importance and risks of vaccination (2) lack of (or perceived lack of) conveniently available vaccine.
To overcome these barriers and increase uptake, vaccination campaigns must be carefully designed and implemented taking account of the specific needs at each healthcare institution.
尽管许多国家的卫生当局都给出了建议，但医护人员的流感疫苗接种率仍不足。众多鼓励医护人员接种疫苗的活动都遭到了抵制。我们回顾了医疗机构中已公布的流感疫苗接种计划，以了解其成败原因以及医护人员的态度和信念。
在MEDLINE/Pubmed数据库中检索截至2004年6月发表的相关文章。
1985年至2002年间进行的32项研究报告的接种率为2.1%至82%。包括易于获得免费疫苗和开展教育项目的疫苗接种活动往往获得最高的接种率，尤其是在美国。然而，即使是这种类型的活动也并非总是成功。一直有报道称，令人满意的疫苗接种存在两个主要障碍：（1）对流感、其风险、医护人员在将其传播给患者中的作用以及接种疫苗的重要性和风险存在误解；（2）缺乏（或感觉缺乏）方便获取的疫苗。
为克服这些障碍并提高接种率，必须根据每个医疗机构的具体需求精心设计和实施疫苗接种活动。
