Institute for Microbiology and Archaeal Center, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2011 Jun;14(3):364-70. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.016. Epub 2011 May 14.
Several species of Archaea are involved in symbiotic or parasitic associations with representatives of Eukarya, Bacteria and other Archaea. Eukaryal interactions include different members of methanogens, found in the gut of arthropods, in the rumen of cattle, and in the human intestine, while Cenarchaeum symbiosum is a partner of a marine sponge. Examples for bacterial-archaeal associations are the anaerobic methane oxidation consortia and the SM1 Euryarchaeon with its highly unusual 'hami' as extracellular appendages. The so far only known and cultivated association between two Archaea is composed of Nanoarchaeum equitans and its obligate host Ignicoccus hospitalis. All these consortia can often not be assigned to the 'classical' concepts of mutalism, commensialism or parasitism and represent highly specialized interspecies associations.
几种古菌与真核生物、细菌和其他古菌的代表存在共生或寄生关系。真核生物的相互作用包括在节肢动物的肠道、牛的瘤胃和人类肠道中发现的不同甲烷菌成员，而 Cenarchaeum symbiosum 是一种海洋海绵的伙伴。细菌-古菌共生的例子是厌氧甲烷氧化联合体和具有非常不寻常的“hami”作为细胞外附属物的 SM1 广古菌。到目前为止，仅已知和培养的两个古菌之间的共生体由 Nanoarchaeum equitans 和其专性宿主 Ignicoccus hospitalis 组成。所有这些共生体通常不能归入“经典”的互利共生、共栖或寄生概念，而是代表高度专业化的种间共生关系。
