Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Nov;89(11):3809-18. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3143. Epub 2011 May 13.
The effects of floor space on the trailer and journey time during transport from the farm to the packing plant on indicators of stress (open-mouth breathing, muscle tremors, and skin discoloration) and on the incidence of transport losses (dead on arrival, nonambulatory, noninjured, and nonambulatory, injured) were evaluated in a study involving 160 loads of market-weight pigs (BW 124.7 ± 4.38 kg) using a split-plot design with a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) journey time [main plot; short (<1 h) and long (3 h)] and 2) floor space (subplot; 0.396, 0.415, 0.437, 0.462, 0.489, and 0.520 m(2)/pig, which is equivalent to 0.317, 0.332, 0.350, 0.370, 0.391, and 0.416 m(2)/100 kg of BW, respectively). Two consecutively loaded trailers were randomly allotted to journey time treatment. Floor space treatments were compared in the front 3 compartments on the top and bottom decks of the trailer and were created by varying the number of pigs per compartment, which confounds the effect of floor space with group size. Of the 17,652 pigs transported in 954 test compartments, 0.24% died or became nonambulatory. Neither journey time nor floor space had an effect (P > 0.05) on the incidence of dead and nonambulatory, injured pigs, or on total transport losses. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between journey time and floor space treatments for the incidences of nonambulatory, noninjured pigs and open-mouth breathing. For 2 of the smallest floor spaces (0.415 and 0.437 m(2)/pig), the incidence of nonambulatory, noninjured pigs was greater on short than on long journeys; for the other 4 floor spaces there was no effect (P > 0.05) of journey time. The incidence of open-mouth breathing for the 3 smallest floor spaces was greater (P < 0.05) for short than long journeys, whereas there was no effect (P > 0.05) of journey time for the 3 greatest floor spaces. The frequency of skin discoloration was greater (P < 0.001) for pigs transported at the 2 smallest floor spaces compared with the other 4 floor spaces. In summary, short journey time increased the frequency of indicators of stress after unloading at the plant for pigs transported at smaller floor spaces and also increased the incidence of nonambulatory, noninjured pigs at 2 of the 3 smallest floor spaces. However, neither transport floor space nor journey time had an effect on total losses.
本研究采用裂区设计，以 2×6 因子安排处理，评估了从农场到包装厂运输过程中货位面积对拖车和运输时间（张口呼吸、肌肉震颤和皮肤变色）以及运输损失发生率（到达时死亡、不能行走、无损伤、不能行走且无损伤）的影响，涉及 160 批体重为市场体重的猪（BW 124.7±4.38kg）：1）运输时间（主区；短（<1h）和长（3h））和 2）货位面积（副区；0.396、0.415、0.437、0.462、0.489 和 0.520m²/头猪，相当于 0.317、0.332、0.350、0.370、0.391 和 0.416m²/100kgBW）。两辆连续装载的拖车被随机分配到运输时间处理。在前 3 个隔间的顶层和底层的拖车中比较货位面积处理，通过改变每个隔间的猪数来创建货位面积处理，这使货位面积的效果与群体大小混淆。在 954 个测试隔间中运输的 17652 头猪中，有 0.24%死亡或不能行走。运输时间或货位面积均未对死亡和不能行走、受伤的猪的发生率或总运输损失产生影响（P＞0.05）。运输时间和货位面积处理之间存在交互作用（P＜0.05），对不能行走且无损伤的猪和张口呼吸的发生率有影响。对于最小的 2 个货位面积（0.415 和 0.437m²/头猪），短距离运输的不能行走且无损伤的猪的发生率大于长距离运输；对于其他 4 个货位面积，运输时间没有影响（P＞0.05）。对于最小的 3 个货位面积，张口呼吸的发生率在短距离运输时较高（P＜0.05），而在最大的 3 个货位面积时，运输时间没有影响（P＞0.05）。与其他 4 个货位面积相比，在最小的 2 个货位面积运输的猪皮肤变色的频率更高（P＜0.001）。总之，对于在较小货位面积下运输的猪，短距离运输时间增加了在工厂卸载后的应激指标的发生频率，并且还增加了在 3 个最小货位面积中的 2 个面积下不能行走且无损伤的猪的发生率。然而，无论是运输货位面积还是运输时间都对总损失没有影响。
