Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), E-43120 Constantí, Tarragona, Spain.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Oct;89(10):3219-27. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-3885. Epub 2011 May 13.
Three double-choice feeding experiments were conducted to study the effect of different feedstuffs on feed preference in pigs. Fifteen protein sources, 6 fat sources, and 3 fiber sources were evaluated in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Pigs were offered a series of double choices between a common reference diet and the diet with the ingredient under evaluation. The reference diet contained a soybean meal product with 56% CP (SBM-56), sunflower oil, and wheat bran, which were considered as the feedstuffs of reference for the protein, fat, and fiber sources, respectively. Preference, expressed as percentage of the tested diet to total feed intake, was affected by feedstuff nature and by its inclusion rate. In Exp. 1, feeds with fish meal at 50 and 100 g·kg⁻¹, dried porcine hydrolyzed protein at 50 g·kg⁻¹, and lupine, soybean meal with 44% CP, and dried skim milk at 100 g·kg⁻¹ were preferred (P < 0.05) to the reference feed with SBM-56. On the contrary, relative to SBM-56, an avoidance (preference less than 50%) was observed for potato protein at all inclusion rates tested, rapeseed meal and acid milk whey at 100 and 200 g·kg⁻¹, and dried porcine hydrolyzed protein, soybean protein concentrate, wheat gluten, and sunflower meal at 200 g·kg(-1). The storage of dried skim milk, soybean protein concentrate, and potato protein for 10 mo resulted in a reduction (P < 0.001) of their preference values. In Exp. 2, the feed with palm oil (at 30 g·kg⁻¹) was preferred (P < 0.05), whereas feeds with linseed oil (at 30 and 100 g·kg⁻¹) and soybean oil (at 100 g·kg⁻¹) were avoided (P < 0.05) when contrasted with the reference feed with sunflower oil. Finally, in Exp. 3 diets with dehydrated alfalfa and sugar beet pulp at 130 g·kg⁻¹ had a reduced (P < 0.05) preference compared with the reference diet with wheat bran. It is concluded that feedstuff nature, inclusion rate, and freshness affect feed preference in pigs. Feedstuff preferences should be taken into account during diet formulation, particularly at critical stages such as immediately after weaning.
进行了三项双选择饲养试验，以研究不同饲料对猪饲料偏好的影响。在试验 1、2 和 3 中分别评估了 15 种蛋白质源、6 种脂肪源和 3 种纤维源。猪被提供了一系列在普通参考饮食和含有评估成分的饮食之间的双选择。参考饮食含有 56%CP 的豆粕产品（SBM-56）、葵花籽油和麦麸，它们分别被认为是蛋白质、脂肪和纤维源的参考饲料。偏好以测试饮食占总饲料摄入量的百分比表示，受饲料性质及其添加率的影响。在试验 1 中，添加 50 和 100 g·kg⁻¹ 的鱼粉、50 g·kg⁻¹ 的干燥猪水解蛋白、羽扇豆、44%CP 的大豆粉和 100 g·kg⁻¹ 的脱脂奶粉的饲料（P < 0.05）比含有 SBM-56 的参考饲料更受欢迎。相反，与 SBM-56 相比，在所有测试添加率下，马铃薯蛋白都表现出回避（偏好小于 50%），菜籽油和酸性乳清在 100 和 200 g·kg⁻¹ 时，以及干燥猪水解蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、小麦面筋和葵花籽粉在 200 g·kg⁻¹ 时也是如此。在储存 10 个月后，脱脂奶粉、大豆浓缩蛋白和马铃薯蛋白的偏好值降低（P < 0.001）。在试验 2 中，添加 30 g·kg⁻¹ 的棕榈油的饲料（P < 0.05）更受欢迎，而添加 30 和 100 g·kg⁻¹ 的亚麻籽油和 100 g·kg⁻¹ 的大豆油的饲料（P < 0.05）与含有葵花籽油的参考饲料相比则受到回避。最后，在试验 3 中，添加 130 g·kg⁻¹ 的脱水紫花苜蓿和甜菜浆的饲料与含有麦麸的参考饲料相比，偏好度降低（P < 0.05）。结论是，饲料性质、添加率和新鲜度会影响猪的饲料偏好。在配方设计中应考虑饲料偏好，特别是在断奶后等关键阶段。
