Lenehan N A, DeRouchey J M, Goodband R D, Tokach M D, Dritz S S, Nelssen J L, Groesbeck C N, Lawrence K R
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2007 Nov;85(11):3013-21. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0071. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
Four experiments were conducted with 730 weanling pigs to determine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets for weanling pigs. Experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 14 postweaning and a common diet was fed from d 15 to 28 for Exp. 1, 2, and 3; experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 7 postweaning in Exp. 4. In Exp. 1, the 4 experimental diets included 1) a 0% soybean meal (SBM) diet containing animal protein sources; 2) a 40% SBM diet; or a 28.55% SPC (replacing the 40% SBM on a total Lys basis) diet from 3) source 1, or 4) source 2. Pigs fed diets containing either animal protein or 40% SBM had greater ADG and ADFI (P <0.05) than pigs fed either SPC source. In Exp. 2, the 5 experimental treatments included diets 2, 3, and 4 from Exp. 1, along with 14.28% SPC from each SPC source used in Exp. 1 (replacing half of the total Lys from the 40% SBM diet). From d 0 to 14 and d 0 to 28, the SPC source x level interaction was significant for ADG (P <0.01) and was a tendency for ADFI (P <0.07). Replacing SBM with SPC from source 1 did not affect pig performance. However, replacing SBM with SPC from source 2 resulted in an improvement (quadratic, P <0.05) in ADG for pigs fed the diet containing 14.3% SPC, but resulted in no benefit from replacing all the SBM with SPC. Replacing SBM with SPC from either source improved G:F (quadratic, P <0.01), with the greatest G:F observed for pigs fed the diets with 14.3% SPC. Experiment 3 evaluated increasing levels of source 2 SPC, with treatments consisting of 1) 0% (40% SBM); 2) 7.14%; 3) 14.28%; 4) 21.42%; and 5) 28.55% SPC. There was a tendency for increased ADG (quadratic, P <0.06) and increased ADFI (quadratic, P <0.04) as inclusion of SPC in the diet increased. The gain-to-feed ratio improved (linear, P <0.01) as the SPC level in the diet increased. Inclusion of approximately 14 to 21% SPC from source 2 maximized pig performance. In Exp. 4, pigs were offered a choice of consuming the diets containing 40% SBM or 28.6% SPC from source 2. Daily feed intake was greater (P <0.0001) for the SBM diet (186 g/d) than for the SPC diet (5 g/d). Our results suggest that replacing a portion, but not all, of the high-SBM diet with SPC from source 2, but not from source 1, improves pig performance. The poor intake of pigs fed high levels of SPC may indicate a palatability problem, thus limiting its inclusion in nursery pig diets.
用730头断奶仔猪进行了四项试验，以确定大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）在断奶仔猪日粮中的作用。在试验1、2和3中，从断奶后第0天至14天饲喂试验日粮，从第15天至28天饲喂普通日粮；在试验4中，从断奶后第0天至7天饲喂试验日粮。在试验1中，4种试验日粮包括：1）含动物蛋白源的0%豆粕（SBM）日粮；2）40% SBM日粮；3）来自来源1的28.55% SPC日粮（基于总赖氨酸含量替代40% SBM）；4）来自来源2的28.55% SPC日粮（基于总赖氨酸含量替代40% SBM）。与饲喂任一SPC来源日粮的仔猪相比，饲喂含动物蛋白或40% SBM日粮的仔猪平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）更高（P<0.05）。在试验2中，5种试验处理包括试验1中的日粮2、3和4，以及试验1中使用的每种SPC来源的14.28% SPC（替代40% SBM日粮中一半的总赖氨酸）。从第0天至14天和第0天至28天，SPC来源×水平互作对ADG有显著影响（P<0.01），对ADFI有一定影响（P<0.07）。用来源1的SPC替代SBM对仔猪生产性能无影响。然而，用来源2的SPC替代SBM，对于饲喂含14.3% SPC日粮的仔猪，ADG有所改善（二次曲线，P<0.05），但用SPC完全替代所有SBM并无益处。用任一来源的SPC替代SBM均改善了料重比（二次曲线，P<0.01），饲喂含14.3% SPC日粮的仔猪料重比最高。试验3评估了来源2的SPC添加水平增加的情况，处理包括：1）0%（40% SBM）；2）7.14%；3）14.28%；4）21.42%；5）28.55% SPC。随着日粮中SPC添加量的增加，ADG有增加趋势（二次曲线，P<0.06），ADFI也有增加趋势（二次曲线，P<0.04）。随着日粮中SPC水平的增加，料重比得到改善（线性，P<0.01）。日粮中包含约14%至21%来源2的SPC可使仔猪生产性能最大化。在试验4中，为仔猪提供选择，可采食含40% SBM或28.6%来源2的SPC日粮。SBM日粮的日采食量（186 g/d）高于SPC日粮（5 g/d）（P<0.0001）。我们的结果表明，用来源2而非来源1的SPC替代高SBM日粮的一部分而非全部，可提高仔猪生产性能。饲喂高含量SPC日粮的仔猪采食量低，可能表明存在适口性问题，从而限制了其在保育猪日粮中的使用。
