Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital and Medical School of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Street 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011 Dec;35(6):1043-9. doi: 10.1007/s00266-011-9731-y. Epub 2011 May 15.
Gender-reassignment therapy, especially for reshaping of the forehead, can be an effective treatment to improve self-esteem. Contouring of the cranial vault, especially of the forehead, still is a rarely performed surgical procedure for gender reassignment. In addition to surgical bone remodeling, several materials have been used for remodeling and refinement of the frontal bone. But due to shortcomings of autogenous bone material and the disadvantages of polyethylene or methylmethacrylate, hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) composed of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate seems to be an alternative. This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcome after frontal bone remodeling with HAC for gender male-to-female reassignment. The 21 patients in the study were treated for gender reassignment of the male frontal bone using HAC. The average age of these patients was 33.4 years (range, 21-42 years). The average volume of HAC used per patient was 3.83 g. The authors' clinical series demonstrated a satisfactory result. The surgery was easy to perform, and HAC was easy to apply and shape to suit individual needs. Overall satisfaction was very high. Therefore, HAC is a welcome alternative to the traditional use of autogenous bone graft for correction of cranial vault irregularities.
性别重置治疗，特别是重塑前额，可以有效改善自尊心。颅穹窿成形术，特别是前额成形术，仍然是一种很少进行的性别重置手术。除了手术性骨重塑外，还有几种材料被用于重塑和细化额骨。但是由于自体骨材料的缺点和聚乙烯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯的缺点，由磷酸四钙和磷酸二钙组成的羟基磷灰石水泥（HAC）似乎是一种替代品。本研究旨在分析使用 HAC 进行男性到女性性别重置的额骨重塑的临床结果。研究中的 21 名患者接受了 HAC 治疗，以进行男性额骨的性别重置。这些患者的平均年龄为 33.4 岁（范围为 21-42 岁）。每位患者平均使用 HAC 3.83 克。作者的临床系列结果令人满意。手术操作简单，HAC 易于应用和塑形以满足个体需求。总体满意度非常高。因此，HAC 是传统自体骨移植矫正颅穹窿不规则的一种受欢迎的替代方法。
