Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V. Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012 Aug;43(1-2):3-13. doi: 10.1007/s12016-011-8272-0.
Occupational asthma is the most common occupational lung disease. Work-aggravated asthma and occupational asthma are two forms of asthma causally related to the workplace, while reactive airways dysfunction syndrome is a separate entity and a subtype of occupational asthma. The diagnosis of occupational asthma is most often made on clinical grounds. The gold standard test, specific inhalation challenge, is rarely used. Low molecular weight isocyanates are the most common compounds that cause occupational asthma. Workers with occupational asthma secondary to low molecular weight agents may not have elevated specific IgE levels. The mechanisms of occupational asthma associated with these compounds are partially described. Not all patients with occupational asthma will improve after removal from the workplace.
职业性哮喘是最常见的职业性肺部疾病。职业性哮喘和工作诱发哮喘是与工作场所相关的两种哮喘形式，而反应性气道功能障碍综合征是一种独立的实体，也是职业性哮喘的一种亚型。职业性哮喘的诊断通常基于临床依据。特异性吸入挑战作为金标准检测方法，很少被使用。低分子量异氰酸酯是引起职业性哮喘的最常见化合物。由低分子量化合物引起的职业性哮喘患者，特异性 IgE 水平可能不会升高。这些化合物引起的职业性哮喘的发病机制部分得到了描述。并非所有职业性哮喘患者在离开工作场所后都会改善。
