Department of Food Service Industry and ‡Boeun Jujube Industry Support Center, Seowon University , Cheongju-city 361-742, Republic of Korea.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Jun 22;59(12):6594-604. doi: 10.1021/jf200371r. Epub 2011 May 31.
Fruit pulp and seeds from the jujube plant possess nutritional and medicinal properties. The bioactive components have been shown to vary both with cultivar and with growing conditions. Most studies report the components of varieties from China. We measured free amino acid, individual phenolic, and total phenolic content, and antioxidative activities in three jujube fruit pulp extracts from Boeun-deachu, Mechu, and Sanzoin cultivars and two seed extracts (Mechu and Sanzoin) from plants grown in Korea. In g/100 g dry weight, total free amino acid content measured by ion-exchange chromatography ranged from 5.2 to 9.8 in the pulp and from 4.0 to 5.3 in the seed. Total phenolic content measured by Folin-Ciocalteu ranged from 1.1 to 2.4 in the pulp and from 3.6 to 4.6 in the seed. Flavonoids were measured by HPLC and ranged from 0.7 to 1.8 in the pulp and from 3.2 to 4.0 in the seed. Flavonoids were identified by HPLC elution position and UV/vis and mass spectra. Fruits contained the following flavonoids: procyanidin B2, epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Q-3-R), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-G), kaempferol-glucosyl-rhamnoside (K-G-R), and two unidentified compounds. Seeds contained the following flavonoids: saponarin, spinosin, vitexin, swertish, 6'''-hydroxybenzoylspinosin (6'''-HBS), 6'''-feruloylspinosin (6'''-FS), and one unidentified substance. Dimensions and weights of the fresh fruit samples affected phenolic content. The distribution of the individual flavonoids among the different samples varied widely. Data determined by the FRAP antioxidative assay were well correlated with total phenolic content. In a departure from other studies, data from the DPPH free radical assay were not correlated with FRAP or with any of the measured compositional parameters. Because individual jujube flavonoids are reported to exhibit different health-promoting effects, knowledge of the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds of jujube products can benefit consumers.
枣果肉和种子具有营养和药用特性。生物活性成分的含量因品种和生长条件而异。大多数研究报告的都是来自中国的品种成分。我们测量了保阴德楚、美珠和三尊三种枣果肉提取物以及美珠和三尊两种种子提取物（美珠和三尊）中的游离氨基酸、酚类物质和总酚含量以及抗氧化活性，这些果实和种子均生长在韩国。通过离子交换色谱法测量的 100g 干重中游离氨基酸总含量在果肉中为 5.2-9.8，在种子中为 4.0-5.3。用福林-考克法测量的总酚含量在果肉中为 1.1-2.4，在种子中为 3.6-4.6。通过高效液相色谱法测量的类黄酮含量在果肉中为 0.7-1.8，在种子中为 3.2-4.0。通过高效液相色谱法的洗脱位置、紫外/可见光谱和质谱鉴定了类黄酮。果实中含有以下类黄酮：原花青素 B2、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷（Q-3-R）、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷（Q-3-G）、山奈酚-葡萄糖基鼠李糖苷（K-G-R）和两种未知化合物。种子中含有以下类黄酮：毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、牡荆素、圣草次苷、6'''-羟基苯甲酰毛蕊异黄酮（6'''-HBS）、6'''-阿魏酰毛蕊异黄酮（6'''-FS）和一种未知物质。新鲜水果样品的大小和重量会影响酚类物质的含量。不同样品中各种类黄酮的分布差异很大。FRAP 抗氧化测定法得出的数据与总酚含量相关性很好。与其他研究不同的是，DPPH 自由基测定法的数据与 FRAP 或任何测量的组成参数均无相关性。由于报道称个别枣类黄酮具有不同的促进健康的作用，因此了解枣产品中生物活性化合物的组成和浓度可以使消费者受益。
