Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):976-83. doi: 10.1037/a0023785.
This study investigates the contribution of frequency learning and teleological reasoning to action prediction in 9-month-old infants and adults. Participants observed how an agent repeatedly walked to a goal while taking the longer of 2 possible paths, as the shorter and more efficient path was impassable. In the subsequent test phase, both paths were passable. In the 1st test trial, infants and adults anticipated the agent to take the longer path. Unlike adults, infants kept anticipating movements to the longer path even after observing that the agent now took the more efficient path, indicating that the frequency of previous observations dominates action prediction. These results provide evidence, contrary to existing claims in the developmental literature, that frequency learning underlies action prediction in infancy, whereas teleological reasoning might gain importance later on in life.
本研究旨在探究频率学习和目的论推理对 9 个月大婴儿和成人动作预测的贡献。参与者观察了一个代理人在选择两条可能的路径时，如何重复地走到目标点，其中较短但效率较低的路径是无法通行的。在随后的测试阶段，两条路径都是可通行的。在第一个测试试验中，婴儿和成年人都预期代理人会选择较长的路径。与成年人不同的是，即使婴儿观察到代理人现在选择了更有效的路径，他们仍然预期代理人会走较长的路径，这表明先前观察到的频率主导着动作预测。这些结果提供了证据，与发展文献中的现有观点相反，即频率学习是婴儿时期动作预测的基础，而目的论推理可能在以后的生活中变得更加重要。
