让我们抑制兴奋：Stroop、行为抑制和额叶之间的关系。
Let's inhibit our excitement: the relationships between Stroop, behavioral disinhibition, and the frontal lobes.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, USA.
出版信息
Neuropsychology. 2011 Sep;25(5):655-65. doi: 10.1037/a0023863.
OBJECTIVE
The Stroop (Stroop, 1935) is a frequently used neuropsychological test, with poor performance typically interpreted as indicative of disinhibition and frontal lobe damage. This study tested those interpretations by examining relationships between Stroop performance, behavioral disinhibition, and frontal lobe atrophy.
METHOD
Participants were 112 patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, recruited through UCSF's Memory and Aging Center. Participants received comprehensive dementia evaluations including structural MRI, neuropsychological testing, and informant interviews. Freesurfer, a semiautomated parcellation program, was used to analyze 1.5T MRI scans. Behavioral disinhibition was measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (Cummings, 1997; Cummings et al., 1994) Disinhibition Scale. The sample (n = 112) mean age was 65.40 (SD = 8.60) years, education was 16.64 (SD = 2.54) years, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein et al., 1975) was 26.63 (SD = 3.32). Hierarchical linear regressions were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Controlling for age, MMSE, and color naming, Stroop performance was not significantly associated with disinhibition (β = 0.01, ΔR² = 0.01, p = .29). Hierarchical regressions controlling for age, MMSE, color naming, intracranial volume, and temporal and parietal lobes, examined whether left or right hemisphere regions predict Stroop performance. Bilaterally, parietal lobe atrophy best predicted poorer Stroop (left: β = 0.0004, ΔR² = 0.02, p = .002; right: β = 0.0004, ΔR² = 0.02, p = .002). Of frontal regions, only dorsolateral prefrontal cortex atrophy predicted poorer Stroop (β = 0.001, ΔR² = 0.01, p = .03); left and right anterior cingulate cortex atrophy predicted better Stroop (left: β = -0.003, ΔR² = 0.01, p = .02; right: β = -0.004, ΔR² = 0.01, p = .02).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest Stroop performance is a poor measure of behavioral disinhibition and frontal lobe atrophy even among a relatively high-risk population.
目的
斯多普测验（Stroop，1935）是一种常用的神经心理学测试，通常表现不佳被解释为抑制障碍和额叶损伤的指征。本研究通过考察斯多普测验表现、行为抑制和额叶萎缩之间的关系来检验这些解释。
方法
参与者为 112 名轻度认知障碍或痴呆患者，通过 UCSF 的记忆与衰老中心招募。参与者接受了全面的痴呆评估，包括结构磁共振成像、神经心理学测试和知情者访谈。使用半自动分割程序 Freesurfer 分析 1.5T MRI 扫描。使用神经精神疾病问卷（Cummings，1997；Cummings 等人，1994）的抑制量表测量行为抑制。样本（n=112）的平均年龄为 65.40（SD=8.60）岁，教育程度为 16.64（SD=2.54）年，简易精神状态检查（MMSE；Folstein 等人，1975）为 26.63（SD=3.32）。使用分层线性回归进行数据分析。
结果
控制年龄、MMSE 和颜色命名后，斯多普测验表现与抑制无显著相关性（β=0.01，ΔR²=0.01，p=0.29）。控制年龄、MMSE、颜色命名、颅内体积以及颞叶和顶叶后进行的分层回归检验了左半球或右半球区域是否能预测斯多普测验表现。双侧顶叶萎缩最能预测斯多普测验表现较差（左半球：β=0.0004，ΔR²=0.02，p=0.002；右半球：β=0.0004，ΔR²=0.02，p=0.002）。在额叶区域中，只有背外侧前额叶皮质萎缩能预测斯多普测验表现较差（β=0.001，ΔR²=0.01，p=0.03）；左、右前扣带回皮质萎缩能预测斯多普测验表现较好（左半球：β=-0.003，ΔR²=0.01，p=0.02；右半球：β=-0.004，ΔR²=0.01，p=0.02）。
结论
即使在相对高风险人群中，这些发现表明斯多普测验表现是行为抑制和额叶萎缩的一个较差的测量指标。
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