School of Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Jun;36(3):344-52. doi: 10.1139/h11-019. Epub 2011 May 16.
A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples' responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the "anaerobic" exercise performance of young girls.
已经有人提出，年轻人对运动的反应存在成熟度的门槛，只有在这个门槛之上，训练状态才会有显著的影响。然而，对于短期高强度的运动，这种门槛是否存在还没有得到研究。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了游泳训练状态和成熟度对上下肢 Wingate 无氧测试（WAnT）的功率输出、肺气体交换和代谢反应的关系。在三个成熟阶段的女孩中进行了研究：青春期前（Pre：8 名训练有素的（T），10 名未训练的（UT））、青春期（Pub：9 名 T，15 名 UT）和青春期后（Post：8 名 T，10 名 UT）。在所有成熟阶段，T 在上肢运动中表现出更高的峰值功率（PP）和平均功率（MP）（PP：Pre，T，163±20 比 UT，124±29；Pub，T，230±42 比 UT，173±41；Post，T，245±41 比 UT，190±40 W；MP：Pre，T，130±23 比 UT，85±26；Pub，T，184±37 比 UT，123±38；Post，T，200±30 比 UT，150±15 W；所有 p<0.05），但下肢运动则不然，而两种运动方式的疲劳指数在 T 中都显著较低。无论成熟度如何，通过耗氧量反应曲线下的面积计算得出的氧化贡献都不受训练状态的影响。训练状态和成熟度之间没有明显的相互作用，在所有三个成熟阶段，T 和 UT 之间的差异幅度相似。这些结果表明，对于年轻女孩的“无氧”运动表现，训练状态的显著影响不存在必须超越的成熟门槛。
