School of Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Apr;111(4):621-31. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1681-6. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
The influence of training status on the oxygen uptake (VO2) response to heavy intensity exercise in pubertal girls has not previously been investigated. We hypothesised that whilst training status-related adaptations would be evident in the VO2, heart rate (HR) and deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]) kinetics of pubertal swimmers during both lower and upper body exercise, they would be more pronounced during upper body exercise. Eight swim-trained (T; 14.2 ± 0.7 years) and eight untrained (UT; 14.5 ± 1.3 years) girls completed a number of constant-work-rate transitions on cycle and upper body ergometers at 40% of the difference between the gas exchange threshold and peak VO2. The phase II VO2 time constant (τ) was significantly shorter in the trained girls during both cycle (T: 21 ± 6 vs. UT: 35 ± 11 s; P < 0.01) and upper body exercise (T: 29 ± 8 vs. UT: 44 ± 8 s; P < 0.01). The VO2 slow component was not influenced by training status. The [HHb] τ was significantly shorter in the trained girls during both cycle (T: 12 ± 2 vs. UT: 20 ± 6 s; P < 0.01) and upper body exercise (T: 13 ± 3 vs. UT: 21 ± 7 s; P < 0.01), as was the HR τ (cycle, T: 36 ± 5 vs. UT: 53 ± 9 s; upper body, T: 32 ± 3 vs. UT: 43 ± 2; P < 0.01). This study suggests that both central and peripheral factors contribute to the faster VO2 kinetics in the trained girls and that differences are evident in both lower and upper body exercise.
此前尚未研究过训练状态对青春期女孩高强度运动时摄氧量（VO2）反应的影响。我们假设，在低强度和高强度的上下肢运动中，青春期游泳运动员的 VO2、心率（HR）和脱氧血红蛋白（[HHb]）动力学的训练相关适应性是明显的，但在上肢运动中更为明显。8 名受过游泳训练的（T；14.2±0.7 岁）和 8 名未受过训练的（UT；14.5±1.3 岁）女孩在自行车和上肢测力计上完成了多次恒功速率转换，负荷为通气阈和峰值 VO2 之间差值的 40%。在自行车（T：21±6 秒比 UT：35±11 秒；P＜0.01）和上肢运动（T：29±8 秒比 UT：44±8 秒；P＜0.01）中，训练女孩的第二相 VO2 时间常数（τ）明显更短。在训练女孩中，无论是在自行车（T：12±2 秒比 UT：20±6 秒；P＜0.01）还是上肢运动（T：13±3 秒比 UT：21±7 秒；P＜0.01）中，[HHb]τ 都明显更短，HR τ 也是如此（自行车，T：36±5 秒比 UT：53±9 秒；上肢，T：32±3 秒比 UT：43±2 秒；P＜0.01）。本研究表明，中枢和外周因素都有助于训练女孩更快的 VO2 动力学，并且在低强度和高强度运动中都存在差异。
