Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011 Aug 1;3(8):a004721. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004721.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is used by a number of viruses and toxins to gain entry into cells. Some have evolved to use specific lipids in the plasma membrane as their receptors. They include bacterial toxins such as Shiga and Cholera toxin and viruses such as mouse polyoma virus and simian virus 40. Through multivalent binding to glycosphingolipids, they induce lipid clustering and changes in membrane properties. Internalization occurs by unusual endocytic mechanisms involving lipid rafts, induction of membrane curvature, trans-bilayer coupling, and activation of signaling pathways. Once delivered to early endosomes, they follow diverse intracellular routes to the lumen of the ER, from which they penetrate into the cytosol. The role of the lipid receptors is central in these well-studied processes.
受体介导的内吞作用被许多病毒和毒素用于进入细胞。有些已经进化到使用质膜中的特定脂质作为它们的受体。它们包括细菌毒素，如志贺毒素和霍乱毒素，以及病毒，如小鼠多瘤病毒和猿猴病毒 40。通过与糖鞘脂的多价结合，它们诱导脂质聚集和膜性质的变化。通过涉及脂筏、膜曲率诱导、跨双层偶联和信号通路激活的非寻常内吞机制发生内化。一旦递送到早期内体，它们就会沿着不同的细胞内途径到达内质网腔，从那里它们穿透到细胞质中。在这些研究充分的过程中，脂质受体的作用至关重要。
