3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal.
Biotechnol Prog. 2011 Jul;27(4):897-912. doi: 10.1002/btpr.618. Epub 2011 May 16.
Different types of biomaterials, processed into different shapes, have been proposed as temporary support for cells in tissue engineering (TE) strategies. The manufacturing methods used in the production of particles in drug delivery strategies have been adapted for the development of microparticles in the fields of TE and regenerative medicine (RM). Microparticles have been applied as building blocks and matrices for the delivery of soluble factors, aiming for the construction of TE scaffolds, either by fusion giving rise to porous scaffolds or as injectable systems for in situ scaffold formation, avoiding complicated surgery procedures. More recently, organ printing strategies have been developed by the fusion of hydrogel particles with encapsulated cells, aiming the production of organs in in vitro conditions. Mesoscale self-assembly of hydrogel microblocks and the use of leachable particles in three-dimensional (3D) layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques have been suggested as well in recent works. Along with innovative applications, new perspectives are open for the use of these versatile structures, and different directions can still be followed to use all the potential that such systems can bring. This review focuses on polymeric microparticle processing techniques and overviews several examples and general concepts related to the use of these systems in TE and RE applications. The use of materials in the development of microparticles from research to clinical applications is also discussed.
不同类型的生物材料被加工成不同的形状，被提议作为组织工程（TE）策略中细胞的临时支撑。用于药物输送策略中颗粒生产的制造方法已被改编为 TE 和再生医学（RM）领域中微球的开发。微球已被用作可溶性因子传递的构建块和基质，旨在构建 TE 支架，通过融合产生多孔支架，或作为原位支架形成的可注射系统，避免复杂的手术程序。最近，通过融合包封细胞的水凝胶颗粒，开发了器官打印策略，旨在在体外条件下生产器官。在最近的工作中，还提出了水凝胶微块的中尺度自组装和在三维（3D）层层（LbL）技术中使用可溶出颗粒的方法。除了创新应用外，这些多功能结构的使用还开辟了新的视角，并且仍然可以沿着不同的方向使用这些系统可以带来的所有潜力。本综述重点介绍了聚合物微球的加工技术，并概述了在 TE 和 RE 应用中使用这些系统的几个示例和一般概念。还讨论了从研究到临床应用的材料在微球开发中的应用。
