a Department of Emergency Medicine , Boston University , Boston , MA , USA.
Glob Public Health. 2011;6(5):472-87. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2011.570358. Epub 2011 May 16.
Displacement is a hallmark of modern humanitarian emergencies. Displacement itself is a traumatic event that can result in illness or death. Survivors face challenges including lack of adequate shelter, decreased access to health services, food insecurity, loss of livelihoods, social marginalisation as well as economic and sexual exploitation. Displacement takes many forms in the Middle East and the Arab World. Historical conflicts have resulted in long-term displacement of Palestinians. Internal conflicts have driven millions of Somalis and Sudanese from their homes. Iraqis have been displaced throughout the region by invasion and civil strife. In addition, large numbers of migrants transit Middle Eastern countries or live there illegally and suffer similar conditions as forcibly displaced people. Displacement in the Middle East is an urban phenomenon. Many displaced people live hidden among host country populations in poor urban neighbourhoods - often without legal status. This represents a challenge for groups attempting to access displaced populations. Furthermore, health information systems in host countries often do not collect data on displaced people, making it difficult to gather data needed to target interventions towards these vulnerable populations. The following is a discussion of the health impacts of conflict and displacement in the Middle East. A review was conducted of published literature on migration and displacement in the region. Different cases are discussed with an emphasis on the recent, large-scale and urban displacement of Iraqis to illustrate aspects of displacement in this region.
流离失所是现代人道主义紧急情况的一个特点。流离失所本身就是一个创伤性事件，可能导致疾病或死亡。幸存者面临着许多挑战，包括缺乏足够的住所、获得卫生服务的机会减少、粮食无保障、生计丧失、社会边缘化以及经济和性剥削。在中东和阿拉伯世界，流离失所呈现出多种形式。历史冲突导致巴勒斯坦人长期流离失所。内部冲突使数百万索马里人和苏丹人离开家园。伊拉克人因入侵和内乱而在该地区流离失所。此外，大量移民在中东国家过境或非法居住，他们遭受着与被迫流离失所者类似的条件。中东的流离失所是一种城市现象。许多流离失所者生活在东道国人口中贫穷的城市社区中，往往没有合法身份。这对试图接触流离失所者的团体构成了挑战。此外，东道国的卫生信息系统通常不收集流离失所者的数据，这使得难以收集针对这些弱势群体的干预措施所需的数据。以下是对中东冲突和流离失所对健康影响的讨论。对该地区移民和流离失所的已发表文献进行了回顾。讨论了不同的案例，重点是最近伊拉克人大规模和城市化的流离失所，以说明该地区流离失所的一些方面。
