Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Mar;43(2):210-5. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00139.x. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
It is considered that specific exercises to strengthen limb musculature would be helpful.
To describe swing phase kinematic and kinetic changes in the hindlimbs of trotting horses in response to the addition of leg weights to the hind pasterns.
Six horses were prepared by placing reflective skin markers on the hindlimbs, the withers and fore hooves. Horses were evaluated at trot for 6 trials with and without leg weights (700 g) attached around the pasterns, with the 2 conditions applied in random order. The markers were tracked to determine peak heights of the flight arc of the hind hooves and swing phase joint angulations. Inverse dynamic analysis was used to calculate positive and negative work done across each joint in the first and second halves of the swing phase. Comparisons between conditions were made using paired t tests (normally distributed data) or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (non-normally distributed data).
Peak height of the flight arc of the hind hooves was significantly higher with leg weights as a result of increased flexions of the stifle, tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints. Increased positive (concentric) work was performed by the hip and tarsal musculature to protract and raise the limb in early swing, then to retract and lower the limb in late swing. Increased negative (eccentric) work was performed across the stifle and metatarsophalangeal joints to control their movements in response to increases in inertia and momentum due to the weights.
The addition of weight to the hind pasterns stimulates increased muscular activity across all the hindlimb joints from the hip to the metatarsophalangeal joint.
The addition of weight to the hind pasterns may have therapeutic applications in activating and strengthening the hindlimb musculature. This is particularly relevant in the hip region, which appears more sensitive and responsive to the effect of weights than to tactile stimulation alone.
人们认为，专门针对四肢肌肉的锻炼会有所帮助。
描述添加后肢附蝉重量后，马奔跑时后肢摆动相的运动学和动力学变化。
在 6 匹马的后肢、肩隆和前蹄安装反光皮肤标记物，以评估它们的跑步状态。在 6 次试验中，马分别在有（700g）和没有（无）后肢附蝉重量的情况下进行跑步，2 种情况以随机顺序施加。通过跟踪标记物来确定后蹄离地时的最高点和摆动相关节角度。使用反向动力学分析计算摆动相前半部分和后半部分各关节的正功和负功。使用配对 t 检验（正态分布数据）或 Wilcoxon 秩和检验（非正态分布数据）对条件进行比较。
由于膝关节、跗关节和跖间关节的弯曲度增加，后蹄的离地最高点随着附蝉重量的增加而显著升高。髋关节和跗关节肌肉在早期摆动时进行正功（向心），以伸展和抬高肢体，然后在晚期摆动时进行负功（离心），以回缩和降低肢体，从而完成更多的正功（向心）。为了控制由于重量引起的惯性和动量的增加对关节运动的影响，膝关节和跖间关节的负功（离心）增加。
在后附蝉上增加重量会刺激从髋关节到跖间关节的所有后肢关节的肌肉活动增加。
在后附蝉上增加重量可能具有激活和加强后肢肌肉的治疗应用。这在髋关节区域特别相关，与仅触觉刺激相比，髋关节对重量的影响更敏感和响应。
