Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain.
Ecol Lett. 2011 Jul;14(7):702-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01628.x. Epub 2011 May 19.
Biological invasions cause ecological and economic impacts across the globe. However, it is unclear whether there are strong patterns in terms of their major effects, how the vulnerability of different ecosystems varies and which ecosystem services are at greatest risk. We present a global meta-analysis of 199 articles reporting 1041 field studies that in total describe the impacts of 135 alien plant taxa on resident species, communities and ecosystems. Across studies, alien plants had a significant effect in 11 of 24 different types of impact assessed. The magnitude and direction of the impact varied both within and between different types of impact. On average, abundance and diversity of the resident species decreased in invaded sites, whereas primary production and several ecosystem processes were enhanced. While alien N-fixing species had greater impacts on N-cycling variables, they did not consistently affect other impact types. The magnitude of the impacts was not significantly different between island and mainland ecosystems. Overall, alien species impacts are heterogeneous and not unidirectional even within particular impact types. Our analysis also reveals that by the time changes in nutrient cycling are detected, major impacts on plant species and communities are likely to have already occurred.
生物入侵在全球范围内造成生态和经济影响。然而，目前尚不清楚它们的主要影响是否存在强烈的模式，不同生态系统的脆弱性如何变化，以及哪些生态系统服务面临最大的风险。我们对 199 篇报告了 1041 项实地研究的文章进行了全球荟萃分析，这些研究总共描述了 135 种外来植物类群对本地物种、群落和生态系统的影响。在研究中，外来植物在 24 种不同类型的影响评估中有 11 种产生了显著影响。影响的大小和方向在不同类型的影响内和之间都有所不同。平均而言，入侵地点的本地物种丰度和多样性下降，而初级生产力和几个生态系统过程得到增强。虽然固氮外来物种对氮循环变量的影响更大，但它们并不总是影响其他影响类型。岛屿和大陆生态系统的影响大小没有显著差异。总体而言，即使在特定的影响类型内，外来物种的影响也是不均匀的，并非单向的。我们的分析还表明，在检测到养分循环变化时，对植物物种和群落的重大影响可能已经发生。
