School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug;94(2):371-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009035. Epub 2011 May 18.
Habituation is a form of learning in which repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a decrease in responding. Eating involves repeated presentation of the same food stimulus in a meal, and habituation is reliably observed within a meal such that faster rates of habituation are associated with less energy intake. It is possible that repeated presentation of the same food over days will lead to long-term habituation, such that subjects habituate to foods repeated over meals. However, no research on long-term habituation to food in humans has been conducted.
The current study was designed to assess long-term habituation in 16 obese and 16 nonobese premenopausal women.
Obese and nonobese women (aged 20-50 y) were randomly assigned to receive a macaroni and cheese meal presented 5 times, either daily for 1 wk or once per week for 5 wk.
In both obese and nonobese women, daily presentation of food resulted in faster habituation and less energy intake than did once-weekly presentation of food.
Long-term habituation was observed when the same food was presented at daily meals but not when presented once weekly for 5 wk. These results provide the first evidence of long-term habituation to food in women and show that memory of food over daily meals can increase the rate of habituation and reduce energy intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01208870.
习惯化是一种学习形式，其中重复暴露于刺激会导致反应减少。进食涉及到在一顿饭中反复呈现相同的食物刺激，并且在一顿饭中可以可靠地观察到习惯化，即更快的习惯化速度与更少的能量摄入相关。可能是由于每天重复呈现相同的食物，导致长期习惯化，从而使受试者对反复出现的食物习惯化。然而，目前还没有关于人类对食物的长期习惯化的研究。
本研究旨在评估 16 名肥胖和 16 名非肥胖绝经前妇女的长期习惯化。
肥胖和非肥胖女性（年龄 20-50 岁）被随机分配接受 5 次通心粉和奶酪餐，每天一次持续 1 周或每周一次持续 5 周。
在肥胖和非肥胖女性中，与每周一次的食物呈现相比，每天呈现食物导致更快的习惯化和更少的能量摄入。
当相同的食物每天在餐中呈现时，会观察到长期习惯化，但当每周呈现 5 次时则不会。这些结果首次提供了女性对食物的长期习惯化的证据，并表明对每日餐中食物的记忆可以增加习惯化的速度并减少能量摄入。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT01208870。
