University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Minerva Med. 2011 Jun;102(3):223-38.
Cardiovascular syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness resulting from a global cerebral hypoperfusion characterized by rapid onset and spontaneous rapid recovery, comprises events due to bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, and structural cardiovascular disease. The evaluation of cardiovascular syncope must be careful and thorough as this type of syncope is associated with increased subsequent morbidity and mortality. In this review we provide current data regarding specific causes of cardiovascular syncope, diagnostic approach, risk stratification, and management of patients who experience a syncope event when a cardiovascular disorder is suspected to be a precipitating factor for the syncope event. Multiple risk stratifications studies were carried out to identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular syncope; we provide several prominent examples of such risk stratifications, with special focus on the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) as an example of an arrhythmogenic disorder associated with syncope and sudden cardiac death in young individuals without structural heart disease.
心因性晕厥，定义为由于大脑全脑低灌注导致的短暂意识丧失，其特点为发作迅速、自发迅速恢复，包括由于心动过缓、心动过速和结构性心血管疾病引起的事件。心因性晕厥的评估必须仔细和彻底，因为这种类型的晕厥与随后的发病率和死亡率增加有关。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于心因性晕厥的具体病因、诊断方法、风险分层以及疑似心血管疾病为晕厥事件诱发因素的患者管理的最新数据。已经进行了多项风险分层研究，以确定心因性晕厥的高危患者；我们提供了几个此类风险分层的突出例子，特别关注先天性长 QT 综合征（LQTS）作为一种与晕厥和结构性心脏病年轻个体的心脏性猝死相关的心律失常疾病的例子。
