Citek Karl, Elmont Ashlee D, Jons Christopher L, Krezelok Chad J, Neron Joseph D, Plummer Timothy A, Tannenbaum Timothy
Pacific University College of Optometry, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2011 Sep;56(5):1170-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01813.x. Epub 2011 May 19.
Previous research shows that sleep deprivation (SD) produces cognitive impairment similar to that caused by alcohol intoxication. Individual studies suggest that SD also causes deficits in motor skills that could be mistaken for intoxication. Consequently, SD often is used as a defense when an impaired driver is charged with driving while intoxicated. Twenty-nine adult subjects participated in two test sessions each, one after a full night's rest and the other after wakefulness of at least 24 h. Subjects consumed prescribed amounts of alcohol during each session. Law enforcement officers conducted field sobriety tests identical to those with which a driver would be assessed at roadside. Researchers also measured clinical responses of visual function and vital signs. The presence and number of validated impairment clues increase with increasing blood alcohol concentration but not with SD. Thus, SD does not affect motor skills in a manner that would lead an officer to conclude that the suspect is intoxicated, unless intoxication also is present.
先前的研究表明，睡眠剥夺（SD）会产生类似于酒精中毒所导致的认知障碍。个别研究表明，睡眠剥夺还会导致运动技能缺陷，这些缺陷可能会被误认为是中毒。因此，当一名受损驾驶员被指控在醉酒状态下驾驶时，睡眠剥夺常常被用作一种辩护手段。29名成年受试者每人参加了两个测试环节，一个是在经过一整晚休息之后，另一个是在至少24小时清醒之后。在每个环节中，受试者都摄入了规定量的酒精。执法人员进行了与在路边对驾驶员进行评估时相同的现场清醒度测试。研究人员还测量了视觉功能和生命体征的临床反应。经过验证的损伤线索的存在和数量会随着血液酒精浓度的增加而增加，但不会随着睡眠剥夺而增加。因此，除非同时存在中毒情况，否则睡眠剥夺不会以一种会导致警官得出嫌疑人醉酒结论的方式影响运动技能。
