National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2013 Sep 10;231(1-3):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.010. Epub 2013 May 10.
The aim of the present study was to define the profile of a drunk driver and to determine risk factors for drunk driving by analyzing data on both sober and drunk drivers. Systematic roadside surveys have been carried out in Southern Finland for over 18 years, with 20,000-30,000 drivers breath tested annually. During the study period, 1241 drunk drivers were caught (legal blood alcohol limit 0.50‰). The comparison material consisted of 3407 sober drivers. The surveys were designed to further investigate demographic features and driving habits of drivers. The prevalence of drunk driving has been 0.2% over the time period, with only random variations. According to the data, a typical drunk driver is a man aged 40-49 who has a valid driving license and drives his own car, usually alone, with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.0‰. He has a job and is married or cohabiting. The profile remained consistent throughout the study period. The risk of drunk driving was found to be five times higher for men than for women. Divorcees and widow(er)s had a substantially higher risk factor for being caught drunk driving than married drivers. Drunk drivers are most likely to be caught by roadside testing on Saturday mornings. During the study period the blood alcohol limit for aggravated drunk driving was lowered in 1994 from 1.5 to 1.2‰. In 2004 the taxation of alcohol beverages was reduced by 30%. Neither of these measures affected the prevalence of drunk driving or the mean BAC of drunk drivers (p=0.63).
本研究旨在通过分析清醒和醉酒驾驶员的数据，确定醉酒驾驶的风险因素，并定义醉酒驾驶员的特征。在过去的 18 年中，芬兰南部一直在进行系统的路边调查，每年有 20,000-30,000 名驾驶员接受呼气测试。在研究期间，共抓获 1241 名醉酒驾驶员（法定血液酒精含量限制为 0.50‰）。比较材料由 3407 名清醒驾驶员组成。调查旨在进一步研究驾驶员的人口特征和驾驶习惯。在整个研究期间，醉酒驾驶的发生率一直保持在 0.2%左右，仅有随机变化。根据数据，典型的醉酒驾驶员是年龄在 40-49 岁之间、持有有效驾照、驾驶自己的汽车、通常独自驾驶、血液酒精浓度（BAC）为 1.0‰的男性。他有工作，已婚或同居。这一特征在整个研究期间保持一致。与女性相比，男性醉酒驾驶的风险高五倍。离婚者和鳏夫（寡妇）比已婚驾驶员因醉酒驾驶被捕的风险因素要高得多。醉酒驾驶员最有可能在周六早上被路边测试抓获。在研究期间，1994 年醉酒驾驶的血液酒精含量限制从 1.5‰降至 1.2‰。2004 年，酒精饮料的税收减少了 30%。这些措施都没有影响醉酒驾驶的发生率或醉酒驾驶员的平均 BAC（p=0.63）。
